This is an archived copy of the 2020-21 catalog. To access the most recent version of the catalog, please visit http://catalog.utexas.edu/.

Biology

The faculty has approval to offer the following courses in the academic years 2019–2020 and 2020–2021; however, not all courses are taught each semester or summer session. Students should consult the Course Schedule to determine which courses and topics will be offered during a particular semester or summer session. The Course Schedule may also reflect changes made to the course inventory after the publication of this catalog.

Please see the General Information Catalog for an updated list of courses effective fall 2020.¹

Added fall 2020.

Biology: BIO

BIO 380C. Advanced Conservation Biology.

Application of principles and concepts of ecology to the preservation of wild plant and animal species and to the preservation, management, and restoration of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. Emphasis on biological aspects of issues such as endangered species protection, invasive species, preserve design, and forest management, via a set of case studies. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 380C and 384K (Topic: Advanced Topics in Conservation Biology) may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 380E. Advanced Microbial Ecology.

Examines microbial population, community, and ecosystem ecology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 380E, 384K (Topic 22), and 384K (Topic: Advanced Topics in Microbial Ecology). Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 380F. Biology of Birds.

Anatomy, physiology, classification, and ecology of birds. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week for one semester. Includes optional weekly, half-day field trips and two optional full-weekend trips. Biology 384K (Topic: Biology of Birds) and 380F may not both be counted.

BIO 380G. Methods in Ecological Genomics.

Explores state-of-the-art methodologies for: genomics-based demographic and population structure analysis; detection of genomic signatures of natural selection; analyzing gene expression in the ecology, evolution, and behavior context; quantification of complex communities using metabarcoding. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 380G and 384K (Topic: Methods in Ecological Genomics) may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 380L. Advanced Systematics.

Explores biodiversity, phylogeny, species concepts, historical biogeography, phylogeography, molecular clocks, phylogenomics, comparative methods, fossils, morphometrics, taxonomy, ontogeny, homology, computational methods, and phylogenetic statistics. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours a week for one semester. Biology 384K (Topic 14) and 380L may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 380M. Topics in Biology (Cooperative Programs).

Formal, organized courses taught at institutions other than the University of Texas at Austin. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Not all topics are offered every year. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of the student's graduate adviser or department chair and the University's graduate dean, and consent of the graduate dean at the host institution; additional prerequisites vary with the topic.

BIO 380P. Population Genetics.

Introduces students to population genetics. The emphasis is on a quantitative understanding of evolutionary change caused by selection, drift, mutation, and migration. Both phenotypic and molecular evolution will be covered. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 380P and 385K (Topic 4) may not both be counted.

BIO 180R, 280R, 380R. Advanced Readings in the Biological Sciences.

For each semester hour of credit earned, the equivalent of one class hour a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 380S. Animal Sexuality.

Examines how hormones shape the development of the body, regulate physiological processes, and influence how individuals behave. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Meets requirements for non-seminar graduate courses in the Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Graduate Program. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 380S, 383K (Topic: Animal Sexuality), 383K (Topic: Studies in Animal Sexuality). Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 380T. Current Concepts in Biology.

Designed for beginning graduate students seeking a review of modern biological concepts. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. With consent of instructor, may be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in the School of Biological Sciences, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 380U. Brain, Behavior, and Evolution.

Same as Neuroscience 380U. Integrative approaches to the study of brain and behavior within an evolutionary and comparative framework. Specifically, the integration of neuroscience, organismal behavior and physiology, behavioral ecology, evolutionary development, experimental evolution, molecular biology, genetics, genomics, systems biology, and bioinformatics. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 380U, 384K (Topic: Brain, Behavior, and Evolution), Neuroscience 380U, 385L (Topic: Brain, Behavior, and Evolution). Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 380V. Biological Foundations of Decision Making.

Same as Neuroscience 380V. Explores the mechanisms biological organisms use to make decisions and how these mechanisms evolved. Defines a conceptual framework for decision making that can be applied across levels of biological organization. Surveys current research on how animals make decisions using genetic, neurobiological, and evolutionary approaches. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 380V, 384K (Topic: Biological Foundations of Decision Making), Neuroscience 380V, 385L (Topic: Biological Foundations of Decision Making). Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 381. Advanced Plant Physiology.

Concepts in the broad field of plant physiology. Includes aspects of plant growth, development, cell signaling, and stress responses that are very similar to these processes in animals, but will also illustrate unique aspects of plants that exemplify the diversity of life strategies on earth. Explores the critical skills needed to evaluate the current literature, data interpretation, and methods for solving key questions in the field. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 381, 389 (Topic: Advanced Plant Physiology), and 389 (Topic 12). Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 381K. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior: Physiology and Biophysics.

Lectures, conference discussion, and laboratory projects, depending on topic. Not all topics are offered every year. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser; additional prerequisites vary with the topic.

Topic 1: Topics in Biophysics. Irritability of living systems and the principles of energy transformation and transfer in organisms; emphasis on bioelectrical processes and electrical energy changes. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 2: Comparative Neurophysiology. General treatment of the physiology of neurons, synapses, sensory and motor systems; neural basis of behavior; emphasis on invertebrates. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 3: Sensory Physiology. Physiology and biophysics of the transduction and peripheral processes of the major sensory systems. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 4: Current Concepts in Neurobiology. A series of seminars designed to give students a broad background in neurobiology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 5: Laboratory in Neurophysiology. Training in research techniques useful for the neurophysiological study of vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 6: Insect Physiology. An in-depth study of the physiology of insect organ systems, development, and behavior. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 7: Developmental Neurobiology. Neuronal cell lineage and differentiation, neuronal migration, axon guidance, neural cell death, synapse formation and maintenance. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 8: Addiction Biology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 381K (Topic 8) and Neuroscience 385L (Topic 3: Addiction Biology) may not both be counted.
Topic 11: Current Concepts in Neurophysiology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.

BIO 381N. Basic Processes of Nerve Cells.

Same as Neuroscience 381N. Degeneration and regeneration in nervous systems following traumatic injury; invertebrate versus vertebrate, peripheral nervous system versus central nervous system, axonal versus cell body, role of glia versus neurons. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 381K (Topic 10), 381N, Neuroscience 381N, 385L (Topic 1). Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 381P. Advanced Plant Physiology.

General principles of mineral nutrition, water relations, metabolic activities, growth and development of green plants. Biology 381P and 389 (Topic 12) may not both be counted.

BIO 182, 282, 382, 682, 982. Advanced Study and Research.

For each semester hour of credit earned, the equivalent of one class hour a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 382E. Epigenetics.

Same as Neuroscience 382E. Study of how epigenetic modifications are covalent modifications of DNA or histones that cause changes in gene expression and how epigenetic modifications appear to be a method through which nurture or the environment can influence nature. Emphasis on how experience or environmental factors epigenetically modify health or behavior of animals. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biology 381K (Topic: Epigenetics), 382E, Neuroscience 382E. Offered on the letter-grade basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor.

BIO 382K. Computational and Statistical Biology.

Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary.

Topic 1: Recent Advances in Computational Biology. Discussion of current scientific papers, methods, and ideas in computational biology and bioinformatics.
Topic 2: Network Modeling in Biology.
Topic 3: Modeling Infectious Disease Dynamics.
Topic 4: Current Subjects in Biological Statistics. Emphasis on the practical aspects of data management and analysis, including programming in R and related tools. Subjects may include general linear models, multivariate statistics, Bayesian statistics, model selection, and graphical presentation of data. The equivalent of three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: At least one prior course in probability or statistics, at the undergraduate level or above.
Topic 5: Informatics and Data Analysis in Life Sciences. Introduction to concepts and methods of data-driven life science. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 6: Programming for Biology. Explores programming skills that are relevant to research in the biological sciences, including but not limited to programming in Python, R, Perl, C++. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 7: Ecological Theory and Modeling. Explores concepts and methods of modeling ecological systems including populations, communities and ecosystems. Focus on the methodology and utility of ecological theory and modeling. Examines the basic techniques and classic insights derived from differential equation, statistical, and individual based models. The ability to interpret and evaluate models in the literature will be emphasized.
Topic 8: Introduction to Biology for Data Science. Explore biological concepts and methods (including its assumptions and limitations), particularly in the areas of systems biology, medical and evolutionary genomics, and neuroscience. Focus on approaches that produce a lot of data but are analysis-challenged. Biology 382K (Topic: Intro to Bio for Data Science) and 382K (Topic 8) may not both be counted.

BIO 383K. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior: Development and Reproduction.

Three lecture hours a week for one semester, or as required by the topic. Not all topics are offered every year. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

Topic 1: Hormonal Control of Development and Reproduction. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 2: Techniques in the Study of Development and Reproduction. Eight laboratory hours a week for one semester.
Topic 3: Comparative Endocrinology. Structure, function, and interrelationships of endocrine glands, with emphasis on the control of hormone synthesis and secretion and mechanisms of hormone action. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 4: Recent Advances in Development and Reproduction. Discussion of recent scientific papers and their contribution to modern work in development and reproduction. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 5: Molecular Analysis of Development. Lectures and discussion concerning the principles of animal development at the molecular level. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 8: Development and Evolution. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 9: Survey of Animal Development. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.

BIO 384C. Subjects and Skills in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior I.

Designed for first-year graduate students in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Study of why animals behave the ways they do. Study of the proximate and ultimate issues of animal behavior, how it is acquired and regulated, and how it evolved. Emphasis on integration of proximate and ultimate analyses in the various domains in which animals behave. First part of a two-semester sequence. Three lecture hours and one discussion hour a week for one semester. Biology 384C and 389D may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 384D. Subjects and Skills in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior II.

Designed for first-year graduate students in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Continuation of the study of why animals behave the way they do. Continued overview of both the proximate and ultimate issues of animal behavior, how it is acquired and regulated, and how it evolved. Emphasis on integration of proximate and ultimate analyses in the various domains in which animals behave. Second part of a two-semester sequence. Three lecture hours and one discussion hour a week for one semester. Biology 384D and 389E may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, Biology 384C, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 384K. Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior.

Basic concepts and methods of laboratory and field analysis in various fields of biology; systematics and ecology of natural populations. Lectures, conference discussions, and laboratory work, depending on topic. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser; additional prerequisites vary with the topic.

Topic 29: Recent Advances in Population Ecology. Seminar course; some written assignments required. Faculty- and student-led discussions of current subjects in population ecology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course).
Topic 30: Recent Advances in Community Ecology. Seminar course. Faculty- and student-led lectures and discussions of current topics in community ecology. Some written assignments required. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course) required.
Topic 31: Recent Advances in Ecosystem Ecology. Seminar course. Faculty- and student-led lectures and discussions of current topics in ecosystem ecology. Some written assignments required. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course).
Topic 32: Recent Advances in Macroecology. Examines recent ideas and new findings in the fields of Macroecology, Biogeography, and Ecosystem Science. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 33: Recent Advances in Conservation Biology. Seminar course. Faculty- and student-led discussions of current topics in population ecology. Some written assignments may be required. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course); undergraduate upper-division evolution course recommended.
Topic 34: Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology. Explores current subjects and controversies in microbial ecology, including community and ecosystem perspectives. Includes faculty- and student-led discussions of primary literature. Some written assignments required. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 35: Global Environmental Change. Explores the knowledge of current environmental change and biological responses, efforts to understand and predict changes in the future through both experimental manipulations and models. Discussion of the scientific philosophy behind this work. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course); undergraduate upper-division evolution course recommended.
Topic 36: Recent Advances in Evolution. Examines recent and classic research and primary literature concerning general subjects within evolutionary biology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division evolution course (Biology 370 or similar course).
Topic 37: Recent Advances in Coevolution. Examines current and classic literature related to the coevolution of interacting species, including but not limited to host-parasite interactions, and mutualistic interactions. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 38: Recent Advances in Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics. Discussion and analysis of current and classic literature related to ecological and evolutionary genetics. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 39: Phylogenetic Perspectives in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior. Theory, methods, and applications of phylogenetics in ecology, evolution, and behavior. The development of phylogenetics; the various phylogenetic optimality criteria and their advantages and disadvantages (include non-parametric, semi-parametric, and parametric methods); models of evolution for molecular and morphological data; algorithms and heuristics for searching solution space, including discussion of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approaches; phylogenetic simulation; statistical assessment of phylogenetic results; molecular clocks; and major applications of phylogenetics. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 40: Recent Advances in Biogeography and Phylogeography. Reviews concepts and recent literature in Biogeography, Phylogeography, or Macroecology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 41: Recent Advances in Molecular and Genomic Evolution. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division evolution course (Biology 370 or similar course).
Topic 42: Human and Primate Evolutionary Genetics. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Anthropology 388 (Topic: Human/Primate Evolut Genetics) and Biology 384K (Topic 42) may not both be counted.
Topic 43: Ancient and Environmental DNA. Explores the prospects and challenges of ancient/environmental DNA research, and considers the applications in evolutionary biology, paleontology, and anthropology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Anthropology 388 (Topic: Ancient DNA) Biology 384K (Topic: Ancient DNA), 384K (Topic 43).
Topic 44: Recent Advances in Behavior. Explores recent and classic research and primary literature concerning general topics within behavioral ecology, and the evolution of behavior. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.
Topic 45: Seminars in Brain Behavior and Evolution. Explores how to give a seminar and/or writing a grant proposal. Preparation for job talks, paper presentations, or writing grants.

BIO 384L. Issues in Population Biology.

Analysis at an advanced level of currently active areas of research in population biology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 386. Topics in Plant Science: Ecology and Evolution.

Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser; additional prerequisites vary with the topic.

Topic 10: Recent Advances in Plant Systematics. Basic concepts and methods of laboratory and field analysis in various fields of biology; systematics and ecology of natural populations.
Topic 11: Advanced Subjects in Plant Ecology.
Topic 12: Advanced Subjects in Plant Evolution.
Topic 13: Advanced Subjects in Plant Molecular Biology.

BIO 386K. Plant Sciences.

Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

Topic 1: Advanced Subjects in Plant Ecology. Seminar course with faculty- and student-led lectures and discussions of current subjects in plant ecology. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course).
Topic 2: Advanced Subjects in Plant Evolution. Seminar course with faculty- and student-led lectures and discussions of current subjects in plant evolution. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division evolution course (Biology 370 or similar course).
Topic 3: Advanced Subjects in Plant Systematics.
Topic 4: Advanced Subjects in Plant Molecular Biology. Seminar course with faculty- and student-led lectures and discussions of current subjects in plant molecular biology. Additional prerequisite: Undergraduate upper-division ecology course (Biology 373 or similar course).

BIO 386P. Foundations of Plant Biology.

Restricted to students in the plant biology graduate program. Study of foundational ideas across the breadth of plant biology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of the instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 287F. Plant Systematics.

Principles of plant taxonomy, as exemplified by families of flowering plants found seasonally around Austin. Two lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 487G. Taxonomic Plant Anatomy.

An advanced course that emphasizes those aspects of plant anatomy that are most reliable and useful for systematic purposes. Three lecture hours and two laboratory hours a week for one semester. Biology 472L and 487G may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 387J. Advanced Plant Anatomy.

Plant anatomy in relation to development and differentiation, systematics, and evolution. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and concurrent enrollment in Biology 187L.

BIO 387K. Plant Evolution.

The properties of plant populations, considered from genetic and ecological perspectives; mechanisms of evolution within and among populations. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 187L. Laboratory in Advanced Plant Anatomy.

Demonstration of cellular details and tissue systems of plant organs, and instruction on the preparation of plant materials for histological examination. Three laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and concurrent enrollment in Biology 387J.

BIO 387M. Reproductive Biology of Flowering Plants.

Pollination biology, breeding systems, and fruit and seed dispersal from evolutionary and ecological vantage points. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 387N. Plant Ecology.

Advanced topics in plant ecology, including evaluation of ecological concepts, aspects of experimental ecology, and the principles of plant distribution. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 187P. Plant Ecology Laboratory.

Demonstrations and experiments stressing plant ecological principles, including laboratory and field exercises. Three laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and credit or registration for Biology 387N.

BIO 387R. Population Ecology of Plants.

A combination of lectures and student-led discussions covering major concepts and current literature in plant population ecology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 387S. Laboratory Methods in Molecular Ecology and Systematics.

An introduction to DNA methods in the study of molecular ecology, systematics, and evolution: DNA isolation and purification; DNA quantification; polymerase chain reaction; restriction fragment length polymorphism; random amplified polymorphic DNA; amplified fragment length polymorphism; cloning; simple sequence repeat (microsatellite) marker development; DNA sequencing; automated sequencing; automated genotyping; phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. Seven laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 287T. Angiosperm Diversity Laboratory.

Practical experience in recognizing, identifying, and classifying families of flowering plants. Four laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 388C. Transmembrane Signaling Mechanisms.

Mechanisms by which hormones, light, and other stimuli trigger changes in plant and animal cell metabolism. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 343M and 388C may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 388D. Research Topics in Plant Biology.

An introduction to various fields of plant biology. Students attend seminars, faculty research presentations, and other meetings. Three lecture hours a week for one semester, with additional meeting times to be arranged. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in the School of Biological Sciences.

BIO 388E. Plant Growth and Development.

Emphasis on whole plant physiology, especially growth and development, water relations, and mineral nutrition of vascular plants. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 388J. General Phycology.

Survey of the algae, including significant biological aspects of selected genera, research techniques, and readings in the literature. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 327 and 388J may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and concurrent enrollment in Biology 188K.

BIO 188K. Laboratory in General Phycology.

Survey of various algal groups, including direct observations of their biology, exposure to research techniques, and instruction in cultural procedures. Three laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and concurrent enrollment in Biology 388J.

BIO 388L. Laboratory Studies in Cell Biology: Plant Biology.

Research exercises involving light microscopy, including polarization, phase contrast, Nomarski interference, dark field, fluorescence, and bright-field optics. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Hands-on experience with atomic and molecular imaging, including digital image processing and time-lapse video microscopy. One lecture hour and four laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 388M. Plant Molecular Biology.

Fundamentals of plant molecular biology, including structure and expression of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 350M and 388M may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 389C. Chemistry and Biology of Membranes.

Consideration of the origin and structure of biological membranes at the microscopic and molecular levels; describes membrane function, especially with regard to transport properties. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 389D. Subjects and Skills for Graduate Students in the Biological Sciences.

Designed for first-year graduate students in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Provides training in many of the skills required of research scientists. Introduction to the writing, presentation and appraisal skills needed to excel in all fields of biological research. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 384C and 389D may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and graduate adviser.

BIO 389E. Subjects and Skills for Graduate Students in the Biological Sciences II.

Explores the general subjects and skills required of research scientists, with an emphasis on the research, teaching, and service skills needed by professional biologists, as well as on the major research themes and questions in ecology, evolution, and behavior. Builds on the writing skills developed in Biology 389D to include issues of ethical behavior in research, effective presentation of results, oral presentation skills, interacting with the media, work-life balance, and public outreach. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 384D and 389E may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, Biology 389D, and consent of instructor and graduate adviser.

BIO 389K. Advanced Cell Biology.

Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 390C. Fundamentals of Evolution.

Introduction to major principles and questions in evolutionary biology. Subjects include population genetics, genetic diversity, adaptation, origin of species, phylogenetics, molecular evolution, and macroevolution. Emphasis on identifying open questions, analysis and interpretation of data, and gaining familiarity with the primary scientific literature. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 390D. Fundamentals of Integrative Animal Behavior.

Introduction to major principles and questions in animal behavior with emphasis on why animals behave the way they do. Study of both the proximate and ultimate issues of animal behavior, how it is acquired and regulated, and how it evolved. Emphasis on integration of proximate and ultimate analyses in the various domains in which animals behave. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 390E. Fundamentals of Ecology.

Fundamentals of ecology, ranging from organism physiology to population, species, community, and ecosystem-level processes across landscapes and biomes. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor.

BIO 890G. Applied Public Health and Medical Microbiology.

One semester (or one summer session) of full-time training in the Texas Department of Health Laboratories, with rotation in the divisions of medical microbiology, mycology, parasitology, virology, sanitary bacteriology, and biologics. Assigned reading and regular meetings with the Department of Health Laboratories staff and the molecular genetics and microbiology faculty. Forty hours of supervised fieldwork a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and courses in immunology, public health bacteriology, and virology.

BIO 290K. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Theory and Practice.

Theory of scanning electron microscopy and basic principles of instrument design; basic procedures in specimen preparation; hands-on experience. Two lecture hours and six laboratory hours a week for six weeks. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 490M. Electron Microscopy I: Theory and Practice.

An introduction to electron optics; emphasis on basic operation and maintenance of the transmission microscope; theory and practice of basic preparative techniques. Two lecture hours and six laboratory hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 390P. Techniques in Molecular Genetics.

Laboratory training in modern molecular genetics, with emphasis on the manipulation of bacterial plasmid DNA as a model system. DNA purification, gene mapping and cloning, site-directed mutagenesis, polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. One lecture hour and seven laboratory hours a week for one semester. Biology 368L and 390P may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and Biology 366.

BIO 391. Grant Writing and Presentation Skills.

Restricted to second-year graduate students in the microbiology and cell and microbiology programs. Preparation of a detailed proposal of the dissertation research goals of each student with a presentation in the form of a short talk. Emphasis on critical evaluation of research aims, methodology, and communication skills. Designed for second-year doctoral students in biology. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 391 and 394 (Topic: Grant Writing and Presentation Skills) may not both be counted. Offered on the letter-grade basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 391K. Cellular Immunology.

Cell-associated immune responses, with emphasis on transplantation, immunity, tumor immunology, delayed hypersensitivity, and acquired cellular resistance. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and Biology 360K and 260L.

BIO 391P. Advanced Virology.

Replication of and transformation by DNA and RNA animal viruses. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and Biology 330.

BIO 391R. Advanced Metabolism and Biochemistry of Microorganisms.

Study of the metabolic processes of microorganisms, using a biochemical approach. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 339 and 391R may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 391S. Microbial Genetics.

Molecular biology of nucleic acids; biosynthesis of macromolecules, transfer of genetic material from cell to cell, recombination, mutagenesis, and regulatory mechanisms. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 366 and 391S may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 392. Problems in Host-Parasite Biology.

Topic 1: Current Topics in Virology and Immunology.
Topic 2: Current Topics in Pathogenic Mechanisms.

BIO 392D. DNA Repair.

Broad overview of the repair of DNA in archae, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and viruses, focusing on the primary research literature, and developing critical thinking and presentation skills. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 392D and Biology 393 (Topic: DNA Repair) may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 393. Problems in Molecular Genetics.

Topic 1: Current Topics in DNA Transactions.
Topic 2: Current Topics in Fungal and Cell Molecular Biology.
Topic 3: Current Topics in Gene Regulation.

BIO 394. Problems in Microbial Physiology.

Topic 1: Current Topics in Cell Envelope Structure and Functions.
Topic 2: Current Topics in Microbial Signal Transduction.

BIO 394L. Immunology.

Introduction to the immune system for graduate students without prior coursework in immunology. Discuss innate immunity, the molecular basis of T cell and B cell antigen recognition, hematopoiesis and the development of lymphocytes, and cellular and humoral immune responses. Touch on immunodeficiency, autoimmunity, immunotherapy and vaccination. Explore current primary literature on select immunological topics in greater depth. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 394L and 394M (Topic 1) may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor, and consent of the graduate adviser.

BIO 394M. Advanced Studies in Microbiology.

In-depth study of microbiology topics. Students read original research papers in addition to text assignments. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May be repeated for credit when the topics vary. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser; additional prerequisites vary with the topic.

Topic 2: Advanced Microbial Signal Transduction. Studies in molecular and cellular biology of a wide variety of signal transduction systems in diverse microorganisms; the role of signal transduction across biological membranes in allowing cells to recognize and respond to their environment.
Topic 3: Advanced Medical Mycology. Studies in medical mycology and an overview of research involving both the fungal zoopathogen and its host.
Topic 4: Advanced Fungal Cell and Molecular Biology. Studies of the structure, function, and biological activities of fungi, with emphasis on recent advances in research.

BIO 394T. Tumor Biology.

Explore core aspects of cancer pathology, treatment, epidemiology, the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, and the molecular genetics underlying the characteristic features of malignant tumors (including metastatic behavior, genomic instability, angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis). Emphasize the biochemical functions of cancer-related proteins and enzymes and therapeutic approaches based on understanding of these proteins. Examine important experimental approaches that have influenced the current understanding of cancer. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Biology 384M (Topic: Tumor Biology) and 394T may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Graduate standing; consent of instructor and the graduate adviser

BIO 395F. Genetics.

Same as Chemistry 395F and Molecular Biology 395F. Basic principles of Mendelian and molecular genetics, and an exploration of the genetic toolbox using examples of analytic methods and modern genetic manipulations. Focus on the genetic analysis of model organisms. Use of genetic tools in dissecting complex biological pathways, developmental processes, and regulatory systems. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. An introductory course in genetics, such as Biology 325, is strongly recommended.

BIO 395G. Structure and Function of Proteins and Membranes.

Same as Biochemistry 395G and Molecular Biology 395G. Detailed consideration of the structure and function of proteins, with discussion of enzyme mechanisms and kinetics, the biochemistry of energy production, and the metabolism of lipids and nucleotides. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biochemistry 395G, Biology 395G, Molecular Biology 395G. Prerequisite: Graduate standing; a one-year undergraduate sequence in biochemistry is strongly recommended.

BIO 395H. Cell Biology.

Same as Chemistry 395H and Molecular Biology 395H. Detailed consideration of mechanisms of growth control, cell cycle regulation, mitosis, cell signaling, protein targeting, and the integration of these processes. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing; and consent of instructor or Biology 395F and 395G, Chemistry 395F, Molecular Biology 395F and 395G.

BIO 395J. Genes, Genomes, and Gene Expression.

Same as Biochemistry 395J and Molecular Biology 395J. Detailed consideration of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mechanisms of DNA replication and transcription; posttranscriptional processing of transcription products; and mechanism and regulation of the translation of messenger RNAs. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: Biochemistry 395J, Biology 395J, Molecular Biology 395J. Prerequisite: Graduate standing; and Biology 395F and 395G, or Chemistry 395F and 395G, or Molecular Biology 395F and 395G, or consent of instructor.

BIO 395L. Laboratory Studies in Molecular Biology.

Explore modern molecular biology with a research project focus in a laboratory setting. Use methods such as eukaryotic RNA purification, quantitative PCR, CRISPR or site-directed mutagenesis cloning, cell fractionation, protein purification and Western blotting detection toward experimental goals. One lecture hour and six laboratory hours a week for one semester. Biology 395 and 395L may not both be counted.

BIO 395M. Advanced Microbiology.

Restricted to microbiology students. Prokaryotic and lower eukaryote genome organization; control of gene/operon/regulon expression; chromosome replication and its control; signal transduction; protein trafficking; organelle assembly; the cell cycle and its control; developmental processes; cell to cell communication; and DNA polymorphisms and adaption. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 396. Membranes and Walls of Bacteria.

Structure, biosynthesis, and function of bacterial envelopes and walls, including associated optional components. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and a course in general microbiology and a course in general biochemistry.

BIO 396R. Microbiology Research Seminar.

Students present their research findings and receive feedback from faculty and peers. Designed to help students refine their presentation techniques, practice giving critical feedback, and gain familiarity with a wide variety of research topics. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing.

BIO 197. Seminar in Microbiology.

One lecture hour a week for one semester. Required of all molecular genetics and microbiology majors. May be repeated for credit. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and consent of instructor and the graduate adviser.

BIO 397J. Advanced Genetics.

Intended mainly for first- and second-year graduate students. Selected related topics of current interest with an emphasis on molecular developmental genetics, and any needed review of classical genetics. Designed to help the student to read the literature critically, deliver a good seminar, and participate in thoughtful discussion. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. May not be counted toward the doctoral degree in microbiology. Prerequisite: Graduate standing, consent of instructor and the graduate adviser, and a course in genetics.

BIO 698. Thesis.

The equivalent of three lecture hours a week for two semesters. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: For 698A, graduate standing in the School of Biological Sciences and consent of the graduate adviser; for 698B, Biology 698A or the equivalent.

BIO 398R. Master's Report.

Preparation of a report to fulfill the requirement for the master's degree under the report option. The equivalent of three lecture hours a week for one semester. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: Graduate standing in the School of Biological Sciences and consent of the graduate adviser.

BIO 398T. Supervised Teaching in Biological Sciences.

Teaching under the close supervision of course instructors; weekly group meetings with the instructor, individual consultations, and reports throughout the teaching period. The equivalent of three lecture hours a week for one semester. Prerequisite: Graduate standing and appointment as a teaching assistant.

BIO 399W, 699W, 999W. Dissertation.

May be repeated for credit. Offered on the credit/no credit basis only. Prerequisite: Admission to candidacy for the doctoral degree.