Examine major social and political trends, events, and debates that have informed the works of artists living and working both at the margins of Parisian society as well as in its most celebrated salons. Interpret texts as artifacts that reflect the historical, social, and cultural circumstances of the environment that inspired their creation and reflect upon their role in the cultural symbiosis between America and France. Only one of the following may be counted: American Studies 341C, European Studies 347 (Topic: Americans in Paris), 347 (Topic 54), French Civilization 341 (Topic: Americans in Paris), 341P. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.