Examine the familiar and unfamiliar fragments of what remains from pre-Christian European culture--the limited written records, the artifacts, and the folklore--as well as the more plentiful anti-pagan writings of early Christian missionaries. Test many of the popular claims about how Europe's pre-Christian inhabitants lived, what they believed, and how Christianization impacted their lives against the limits of what we can actually know, using the tools from the study of history, cultural studies, and religious studies. Only one of the following may be counted: German, Scandinavian, and Dutch Studies 312C, History 304C, Religious Studies 315J, Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies 302J. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.