Explore the cultural renaissance between 1880 and 1925 in Northern and Central Europe, covering the period often called the Modern Breakthrough in Scandinavia, but also known as la belle epoque in France and "the gilded age" in the United States. Only one of the following may be counted: Comparative Literature 323N, European Studies 347 (Topic 58), German, Scandinavian, and Dutch Studies 362K. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.