Examines late medieval religion, the rise of Protestant movements, and the Catholic response in their cultural, political, and social contexts. Only one of the following may be counted: Core Texts and Ideas 355R, 375 (Topic: The Age of Reformation), History 343, Religious Studies 344. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.

A detailed study of the prophet Muhammad's life and message, and of the means by which his life was recorded and popularized. Only one of the following may be counted: History 364G (Topic 2), 364D, Islamic Studies 340 (Topic 1), Middle Eastern Studies 343 (Topic 8), Religious Studies 325. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.