Examines how freedom of conscience and religion crystallized in western and central Europe, both as a pragmatic practice and as a matter of principle. Only one of the following may be counted: Core Texts and Ideas 310 (Topic: Roots of Religious Toleration), European Studies 306 (Topic: Roots of Religious Toleration), 306 (Topic 3), History 309J, 317N (Topic: Roots of Religious Toleration), 317N (Topic 1), Jewish Studies 311 (Topic: Roots of Religious Toleration), 311 (Topic 5), 311C, Religious Studies 306 (Topic: Roots of Religious Toleration), 306 (Topic 1), 306D. Three lecture hours a week for one semester.