Same as Jewish Studies 364 (Topic 30), Middle Eastern Studies 343 (Topic 31), and Religious Studies 359P. Examine Jewish, Christian, and Muslim communities in the Ottoman Empire (fourteenth to twentieth centuries), with a focus on dynamics both within and between the communities. Three lecture hours a week for one semester. Only one of the following may be counted: History 325F, 366N (Topic: Religions in the Ottoman Empire), Jewish Studies 364 (Topic 30), Middle Eastern Studies 343 (Topic 31), Religious Studies 359P.