GRG - Geography

Geography: GRG

Lower-Division Courses

GRG X01C. The Natural Environment.

An introduction to the study of the Earth from a holistic perspective including geologic, atmospheric, ecological, and water sciences and its relevance to present-day environmental problems.

GRG X01K. Weather and Climate.

A survey of meteorological phenomena and climatological processes of the earth.

GRG X02L. Landscapes and Cosmovision in Mesoamerica.

Explore the ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica, the ways in which they are studied, the landscapes they inhabited, their worldview, and the persistence of the past into the present. Discover how different societies manifested a core set of beliefs shared by all Mesoamerican civilizations while at the same time maintaining local cultural identities. Assess changes in Mesoamerica both spatially and temporally from the Archaic Period through the Spanish Conquest, colonialism, and into modern times.

GRG X02S. Special Topics in Geography.

GRG X04E. Environmental Science: A Changing World.

Surveys the major global environmental concerns affecting the Earth and its residents from the perspectives of the environmental sciences.

GRG X05. This Human World: An Introduction to Geography.

Introductory survey of human geography, including human-environment relations, cultural patterns and processes, and geography's relation to other fields of study.

GRG X06C. Conservation.

Introduction to environmental management, with emphasis on the major causes and consequences of environmental degradation. The course is organized around the premise that people cannot solve environmental problems unless they know how and why they occur; a major objective is to identify and understand the sociocultural forces that drive environmental degradation.

GRG X07C. Introduction to Urban Studies.

A multidisciplinary study of cities and complex urban environments; historical and contemporary issues from both national and international perspectives.

GRG X09C. Creating the Sustainable Society.

Overview of sustainability as something human beings must strive to create in an era of global warming and ever greater social inequalities, both between and within countries.

GRG X10C. Spatial Data and Analysis.

Fundamental concepts in spatial data acquisition, analysis, and presentation, with emphasis on the needs of professionals in cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing.

GRG X12E. Digital Earth.

Explore concepts in geospatial technologies that are becoming increasingly important tools in research, policy, and everyday life. Discuss geospatial data sources (ex. GPS, citizen science, satellite imagery), applications (ex. disaster relief, biodiversity conservation, disease spread), and broader implications of their use (ex. privacy, ethical, legal issues).

GRG X12K. North American Borderlands.

Explore the formation of political borders in nineteenth- and twentieth-century North America, their contestation, and the multiple meanings attached to them.

GRG X19. Geography of Latin America.

Adaptations to population growth and spatial integration in cultural landscapes of great natural and ethnic diversity; problems of frontiers and cities.

GRG X19S. Topics in Geography.

This course is used to record credit the student earns while enrolled at another institution in a program administered by the University's Study Abroad Office. Credit is recorded as assigned by the study abroad adviser in the Department of Geography and the Environment. University credit is awarded for work in an exchange program; it may be counted as coursework taken in residence. Transfer credit is awarded for work in an affiliated studies program.

GRG X29S. Topics in Geography.

Upper-Division Courses

GRG X19S. Topics in Geography.

GRG X20J. Environmental Justice.

Examine the socio-political, economic, and racialized history of both environmental ruin and environmental justice via a critical geographic lens connecting feminist political ecology, antiracist and abolitionist ecologies, decolonial geographies, and critical physical geographies.

GRG X20K. Land and Life: The American Southwest.

Historical geography of the southwestern United States, emphasizing the ways of life of American Indian, Spanish, mestizo, and Anglo cultures.

GRG X20M. Geography of Media.

Explores communication media from a geographical perspective. Subjects include place images, changing attitudes about public and private spaces, social networking, and the geography of communications infrastructure.

GRG X20N. Exhibitions and Public Spectacle.

Investigate exhibits, world's fairs, museum, monuments, theme parks, and historical reconstructions from Europe and the US, with attention to images of how their sponsoring nations or other entities want to be seen. Examine evidence for both the good and bad sides of national pride and identity. Explore examples of how large-scale culture projects and the public interact. Consider the lasting marks left on the cities and countries sponsoring them.

GRG X20P. Political Geography.

Explores how social power relations play out across space, and how spatial patterns and processes underlie various forms of social power. Focus on borders, conflicts, peacemaking, migration, environmental politics, urban politics, embodiment, emotion and affect.

GRG X20U. Urban Imaginaries.

Use science fiction literature, film, and other cultural artifacts as a platform to launch an examination into the central concept of urban imaginaries. Discuss the politics (and potential) of urban representation as well as understand how urban imaginaries influence everyday urban life and the ongoing production of urban space and place.

GRG X21D. Development and Social Movement in East and Southeast Asia.

Examine the notions of development and the ways in which development is associated with state building, moral economy, political performance, and accumulation regimes. Explore the development of civil society and social movement in East Asia, and explanations of the mechanisms and drivers of displacement. Conceptualize the "Right to the City", and alternative right-based approaches to land, housing, infrastructure, commons and public resources.

GRG X21F. Food in the Racialized City.

Explore a variety of issues related to producing, accessing, and consuming food in city spaces in the context of racial inequities. Investigate and question constructs such as "food" and "city" as means of exploring different points of view and approaches to studying not only food and cities but also various approaches to food justice.

GRG X21L. Archaeology of Climate Change.

Examines why climate changes, the methods for recording climate change, and includes case studies of the varied responses of past human societies to climate change in different geographic regions and time periods with varying socio-political and economic systems.

GRG X21U. Race, Social Justice, and the City.

Examine the way that race and inequality are built into the structures and ideas surrounding urban life through the spatial and racial structures of capitalist development, racialized migration, and redevelopment and gentrification campaigns. Analyze how United States cities are racial geographies.

GRG X22D. Human Health and the Environment.

Introduction to environmental health concepts. Examine current events to explore the relationship between environment and health and whether an environmental condition is or is not an important threat to health. Discuss the complexity of determining "proof" in this field.

GRG X22G. Politics of Protecting the Great Barrier Reef.

Examine the numerous environmental challenges Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR) faces. Explore the livelihoods of the people who depend on or impact the GBR, and the people who are trying to save it.

GRG X22L. Geographies of Latin American to United States Migration.

Examine the contemporary complex multi-scalar origins, patterns, and processes of Latin American and Caribbean migration and settlement in the United States. Through a place-specific, spatially contextualized, and historically situated approach, explore the collective and individual experiences of migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees from select nations including: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Cuba. Analyze the multi-layered factors shaping diverse Latin American migratory patterns and processes.

GRG X22M. Maya Art and Architecture.

Introduction to the artistic traditions of the ancient Maya, tracing their development up to the time of European contact. Students will examine various important themes of Maya culture including history, ritual, and cosmology as revealed in sculpture, hieroglyphs, painting, and architectural design.

GRG X23K. South America: Nature, Society and Sustainability.

Field study of environmental and social change in selected landscapes in South America, such as protected areas; places of food production; transportation routes; migrant landscapes; urban areas; sites of cultural and historical importance; and issues of human rights.

GRG X23M. Literature, Culture, and Ecology in Northern and Central Europe.

Explore a variety of texts, films, and artifacts from Northern and Central Europe for the insights they provide about the interrelationships between nature and culture and strategies for developing a sustainable relationship to the world around us.

GRG X24E. Applications and Ethics of Digital Spatial Technologies.

Explore the applications and ethical considerations of remote sensing, the Global Positioning System (GPS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies and practice.

GRG X24F. Race, Capitalism, and the Environment.

GRG X24M. Sustainable Maya Geographies - Past to Future.

Explore landscapes, conservation, and human-environment dynamics in the Maya region of Central America from more than 10,000 years ago to modern times. Compare sustainable practices from the past with those of indigenous Maya communities today to guide the future.

GRG X25. Geography of Texas.

Texas as an environmental and cultural borderland: as a transition zone between plains and mountains, humid and arid, South and West, Anglo-America and Latin America.

GRG X25E. The Healthy, Livable City.

Explore the design of the built environment and its potential for addressing and preventing many childhood and adult health concerns in the United States. Examine how to create healthy, walkable, vital communities for all.

GRG X26. Regions and Cultures of Europe.

Spatial patterns in Europe, with emphasis on cultural, historical, and political geography.

GRG X26C. Sensing: Elemental Media.

Explore a sensory ethnographic investigation of urban ecology, organized around air, water, earth, and fire as themes for engaging with the city through media and the senses.

GRG X26G. International Political Economy of Lower-Income Countries.

Explore the ways that China, India, Brazil and other lower-income countries are transforming the patterns in global finance, trade, aid, women's empowerment, and the control or corruption.

GRG X27. Geography of the Former Soviet Union.

A systematic introduction to cultural, physical, political, and economic geography of the former Soviet Union. Focus on the fundamental transformation that the former Socialist Union Republics, now sovereign states, have undergone since 1991.

GRG X27G. Introduction to Geospatial Artificial Intelligence.

Focus on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) methods and their applications on geospatial problems. Explore python programming and GIS data preparation for machine learning models, ML foundations, regression, clustering, decision tree and random forest, neural network, embedding, and location representation learning.

GRG X28E. Geography in Eastern Europe and Eurasia.

Explore alternatives to nation-state imaginaries across Eastern Europe and Eurasia. Examine spatial thinking, utopia, dystopia, the history of geosciences, counter-mapping, and the decolonial geopoetics of space.

GRG X28F. Black Geographies.

Explore the relationship between Blackness and the production of space and place. Examine the tensions and possibilities that emerge when Black people are rendered un-geographic as a fundamental component of racial capitalism while they are simultaneously creating spaces of freedom under constant threats to Black life.

GRG X28J. Land in America.

Explore how the history of land helps explain the society we live in today and ideas about the human-nature relationship.

GRG X28L. Asian Diaspora on Indigenous Lands.

Explore Indigenous and Asian entanglements and solidarities on Turtle Island (North America) and the Pacific. Examine settler colonialism, racial capitalism, war and militarism, racism and power, and environmental change.

GRG X29S. Topics in Geography.

GRG X30F. Geographies of International Development in Africa.

Critically examines the major approaches to "Development" in colonial and postcolonial eras, with a focus on a range of African resources: from water to wildlife, forests to farms, airways to rangelands, and including a consideration of African bodies themselves as sites of development and resistance.

GRG X30L. Lidar Analysis.

Discuss the fundamental concepts and applications of light detection and ranging (lidar). Assess aerial and ground-based lidar including the quality of the data, how to process the raw data, and analysis of data.

GRG X30W. Water and Watersheds.

Exposure to numerical analyses techniques developed by hydrologists and to fundamental equations controlling water transfer over and through earth materials. Learn how to administer hydrologic applications to practical problems in physical geography, geology, civil engineering, ecology, and environmental sciences.

GRG X31E. East European Transnational Worlds to 1914.

Examine an overview of major developments in the economic, political, social, cultural, and gender and sexuality fields of East European history before 1914. Explore diplomacy, institutional legacies of war and peace, urban and rural developments and inequalities, spaces of language and religion, race, labor migration, and the arts.

GRG X31K. Nature, Society, and Adaptation.

Long term trajectories of change in human environment relationships, including issues of human evolution and human nature, violence, population, food, agriculture, urbanization, globalizing modernization, and environmental impacts; issues of sustainability, cultural survival, human rights, and environmental protection.

GRG X32L. Community and Citizen Science.

Examine the contributions of volunteered geographic information (VGI) to geographic knowledge alongside an analysis of alternative forms of community-based knowledge production. Explore an overview of citizen science, community science, and VGI datasets. Develop and carry out community-based participatory research projects informed by the growing literature on community and citizen science.

GRG X33C. Severe and Unusual Weather.

A continuation of Geography 301K, focuses on atmospheric hazards such as severe thunderstorms and their offspring (hail, lightning, tornadoes, damaging winds and flash floods) as well as tropical cyclones. Covers human risk perception in relation to atmospheric hazards.

GRG X33K. Climate Change.

Examines changes in climatic systems over both short and long time periods in relation to impacts on physical and ecological systems. Discusses past, present, and future changes in climatic conditions and the methods used to make those evaluations.

GRG X34. Conservation, Resources, and Technology.

Analysis of the relationship between the human population and its resource base, with particular emphasis on current problems in environmental resource management.

GRG X34E. Children's Environmental Health.

Discuss environmental health issues as they pertain to children's health. Focus on emerging scientific and public health issues such as water quality, air pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and the food environment.

GRG X34K. Soils.

Morphology, genesis, properties, and distribution of world soils. Factors of soil formation.

GRG X34L. Vulnerability to Natural Hazards.

An interdisciplinary approach, set right at the nexus of both physical and human geography, to studying the types of natural disasters that occur throughout Earth with a focus on tropical areas. Explore a region's susceptibility to natural disasters by studying the physical phenomena that incite specific hazards so that their spatial distribution can be outlined. Utilize theoretical frameworks that can expose the social causes of human vulnerability, the political repercussions of disasters, and how disaster response varies from country to country depending on varying political stances and economic conditions.

GRG X35C. Quaternary Landscapes.

Changing physical and biotic landscapes on the Ice Age earth during the last two million years. Reconstruction of Quaternary geomorphic landscapes based on principles and applications of geochronology and paleoclimatology.

GRG X35D. Anthropocene.

Evaluates the role of humans in changing Earth systems. Examines the evidence used to reconstruct past environments, to decipher the ecological and biogeographical consequences of land use, to measure altered surface processes, to distinguish the anthropogenic contribution to climate change, and to predict likely future scenarios. Explores the interaction of human history with altered biophysical patterns and processes. Assesses the recognition of the Anthropocene as a potential new epoch in Earth history, including the implications of that recognition for environmental stewardship.

GRG X35K. Mountain Geoecology.

Geological evolution of mountains. Physical geography of mountains: climates, soils, vegetation, landforms and geomorphic processes.

GRG X35N. Landscape Ecology.

Discuss spatial patterns in the Earth's biosphere found within landscapes, typically areas measured in square kilometers. Examine the processes that create those patterns, drawing from ecology, biogeography, and many other disciplines. Use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to analyze and understand the spatial arrangements and configurations of natural and human-modified environments.

GRG X36. Contemporary Cultural Geography.

Recent theoretical developments in cultural geography, with a focus on landscapes and the everyday practices that imbue them with meaning; the ways those meanings are contested and are the foci of struggle; and how the relationship between culture and space plays a central role in the social construction of identity.

GRG X36C. National Parks and Protected Areas.

Introduces current conservation principles and management strategies; outlines the challenges, changes, and dilemmas associated with protected areas.

GRG X37. The Modern American City.

Issues facing residents of United States cities, such as transportation and housing, poverty and crime, metropolitan finance, environmental and architectural design; historical/comparative urban evolution.

GRG X38C. Rivers and Landscapes: Fluvial Geomorphology.

Drainage basin evolution and channel adjustment, variability of river systems in differing geomorphic regimes, relationships between fluvial systems and other components of physical geography, and the role of humans as geomorphic agents.

GRG X39. Process Geomorphology.

Analysis of geomorphic processes and their effects on landform development.

GRG X39K. Environment, Development, and Food Production.

Assessment of various types of agriculture with regard to environmental factors and management techniques.

GRG X40D. Political Ecology of Globalization and Environmental Degradation.

Study of current environmental problems from the perspective of political ecology, which critically examines political, economic, and social relations between humans and the natural world. Uses case studies from Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East to address climate change, deforestation, desertification, biodiversity, and environmental justice.

GRG X40L. Landuse/Landcover Change Practicum.

Focuses on best practices for classifying and mapping land use and land cover, as well as how they change over time in an experiential learning environment. Develop testable hypotheses answered by the original data analysis and interpretation.

GRG X40U. Internship and Service Learning.

Internship experience in an urban studies-related public or nonprofit agency. The opportunity to apply the knowledge, theory, and understanding gained from courses in areas of specialization to urban issues in a professional setting. Includes an academic service-learning component.

GRG X41K. Landscapes of Mexico and Caribbean America.

The natural regions and cultural landscapes of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.

GRG X42C. Sustainable Development.

Historical and contemporary analysis of international development with a focus on the prospects for environmental sustainability.

GRG X42N. Sustainable Landscapes and Seascapes.

Survey the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of sustainable uses of land-based and aquatic natural resources. Examine the sustainability of landscapes utilized for forestry, farming, agroforestry, and rangeland systems, as well as the riverscapes and seascapes utilized by people.

GRG X42S. Sustainability, Equity, and Health.

GRG X43E. Mapping Latin America.

Discuss the role of maps in the creation of Latin America as a specific sort of place. As such, allows familiarity with a broad overview of Latin American history from Pre-Columbian civilizations to the modern period.

GRG X44G. Environmental Law.

Examine environmental law and its impact on all life. Analyze key federal environmental statutes and leading cases in which these statutes have been interpreted by courts.

GRG X44K. Global Food, Farming, and Hunger.

Examination of contemporary transformations in global agro-food systems, with emphasis on the current paradox of epidemic obesity in some parts of the world and enduring hunger in others.

GRG X46. The Human Use of the Earth.

The state of the world from an ecological perspective. Case studies are drawn from a wide range of ecological settings and involve both traditional and modern societies.

GRG X48E. Tourism and Place in the Global South.

Debunk the myth that tourism is inherently desirable by unpacking the mechanisms of violence and inequalities of power embedded in tourism and tourism development.

GRG X49S. Global Sustainability and Soil.

Examine soil as a resource from the perspectives of natural and sustainability science, including soil ecology and biodiversity, formation, fertility for ecosystems and farming systems, soil health, distinguishing characteristics in nature, taxonomy, and soil spatial variability around the globe.

GRG X50E. Geoprocessing.

Computer programming and scripting applied to geospatial data.

GRG X50K. Geographies of Globalization.

Examines globalization in historical and contemporary contexts, with a focus on race, class and gendered power.

GRG X56C. Geo-Archaeology and Environmental History.

Long-term ecology as reconstructed from settlement and land-use histories. Empirical case studies in environmental history from the Mediterranean region, the Near East, and Mesoamerica. Applications to degradation, desertification, sustainability, and global change.

GRG X56D. Water Resources in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Examine the variability of landscapes, climatic regions, and anthropogenic activities found throughout Latin America and the insular Caribbean to explore the complex issues related to water resource accessibility.

GRG X56T. Topics in Geography.

GRG X56T.1. The Culture of Cities.

Examines the social, geographical, and cultural evolution of the United States from a rural and small-town society to an urban and suburban nation. Subjects may include the segregation of public and private space; the formation of urban subcultures organized by gender, work, race, religion, and sexuality; social and spatial divisions between rich and poor and native-born and immigrant; and the increasing importance of cultural capital" in reshaping urban politics and in conflicts over revitalization and gentrification.

GRG X56T.14. Geography of Religion in Eastern Europe and Russia.

A comprehensive overview of major religious culture regions in the former Eastern bloc countries.

GRG X56T.2. Memory and Place.

Explores how cultural memory is produced in its various forms, from memorials, public art, and commodities to popular culture, rituals, and museums, and how public remembering is inevitably anchored in specific geographic places.

GRG X56T.3. Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Paleontology.

Designed to give students interested in the fields of archaeology, physical anthropology, and paleontology a foundation in the use of geographical information systems (GIS) and the analysis of remotely sensed data from satellites and aerial photographs.

GRG X56T.4. Northern Lands and Cultures.

Develops geographical understanding of the Circumpolar region of the North, an ancient human habitat, home to distinct millennia-old civilizations.

GRG X56T.5. Urban Publics.

The concept of the public in the city and how it has shifted over time along the lines of gender, ethnicity, race, and class. Examines contemporary struggles over defining the urban public and how those struggles are linked to social, cultural, political, and economic forces. Subjects include uses of public space, the public sphere, eminent domain, urban politics, civic engagement, and political participation.

GRG X56T.6. The Environmental Change and Management of Large Rivers.

An interdisciplinary perspective on the physical processes of large rivers. Subjects include land degradation; deforestation; river engineering; flood processes; sedimentology; floodplains management; ecohydrology; Quaternary fluvial geomorphology; and paleohydrology.

GRG X56T.8. Global Societies.

The use of geographical perspectives to make sense of the global society. Subjects include globalization, war, economic crisis, and social movements.

GRG X57. Medical Geography.

The geographic distribution, expansion, and contraction of the infectious diseases that have the greatest influence in shaping human societies today: malaria, AIDS, and others.

GRG X58E. Geography and Religion.

Ideas about the relationships among the natural world, myth, and ritual; principal focus on Christianity, Islam, and Judaism and their offshoots and antagonists in the Western world.

GRG X60G. Environmental Geographic Information Systems.

An introduction to the creation and use of geographic information systems.

GRG X64K. Advanced Remote Sensing and Pattern Analysis.

Advanced classification techniques for satellite image processing and landscape pattern analysis.

GRG X66C. Comparative Ecosystems.

The important ecosystem processes that affect the distributions, characteristics, and management of natural environments at landscape, regional, and continental scales. Ecosystem functions, including nutrient cycling, water balance, and the role of natural disturbances in a wide range of ecosystems, from the tundra to the rain forests and grasslands of the tropics.

GRG X66K. Biogeography.

Contemporary patterns of plant and animal distribution, and the environmental and historical processes affecting them.

GRG X67D. Climate Change and Vegetation Response in the Kalahari.

Using the Kalahari as a basis for understanding, explore the ecological dynamics of savanna systems and their interactions with climatic variability over time and space. The focus on monitoring and assessment to inform rangeland management includes vegetation sampling and calculations of carrying capacity. Examine how savanna systems dynamics are comparable across regions, and thus are both globally and UT-locally relevant.

GRG X67K. Vegetation Ecology.

Plant autecology and synecology. Ecological factors and processes of plant communities. Vegetation geoecology, succession, and dynamics.

GRG X68C. Spatial Analysis and Geographic Information Systems.

Addresses spatial problem solving by focusing on both the theoretical/conceptual and practical aspects of geographic information systems modeling. Describes geographic information systems techniques and spatial statistics used to quantify and measure spatial patterns.

GRG X68D. Enviro-Cultural Dynamics in Botswana.

Examines the Kalahari case study of the San "First People" and their history of treatment in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve compared to other more recently arriving peoples. Explores how cultural groups are differentially treated and how that treatment and their ties to and uses of the landscape evolves over time.

GRG X69D. GIS Applications in Social and Environmental Science.

A hands-on approach to covering the appropriate use of geographical information systems (GIS) and spatial statistical analysis in different sub-disciplines.

GRG X70C. Advanced Geographic Information Systems.

Study of methods of spatial analysis, design and implementation of a geographic information system, vector and raster modeling, and advanced applications of geographic information systems.

GRG X70D. Spatial Reasoning with Geographic Information Systems.

Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis, examine different types of real-world problems. Read newspaper and journal articles about real issues or problems and explore how they can be addressed and potentially solved. Focus on specific problems and learn about the GIS tools and techniques that are appropriate for each scenario.

GRG X73F. Field Techniques.

Introduction to the collection and mapping of environmental and cultural data, involving both classroom lectures and outdoor exercises.

GRG X73K. Field Methods for Landscape Characterization.

The design of research questions and the acquisition of data for the characterization of landscapes. Utilizes geographical and ecological field-based methods.

GRG X74. Frontiers in Geography.

Current concerns and methodology in the field of geography; an introduction to theory and research in geography.

GRG X76T. Topics in Geography.

GRG X79H. Honors Tutorial Course.

Individual reading of selected works for one semester, followed in the second semester by the writing of an honors thesis. Regular conferences with the faculty supervisor are also required.

GRG X79K. Conference Course.

Supervised individual study of selected problems in geography.

GRG X79L. Practicum: Internships in Applied Geography.

Research and staff experience working in an appropriate government agency or private business.

Graduate Courses

GRG X19S. Topics in Geography.

GRG X29S. Topics in Geography.

GRG X80. Field Course in Geography.

Collection of data, formulation of meaningful categories of regions, development of hypotheses of cause-and-effect relations through direct contact with the phenomena and processes in the area where a problem is located.

GRG X80C. Myth, Ritual, Place, and Environment.

Impact of local religious lore and practice on cultural landscapes, conservation, and sense of place; cultural and environmental consequences of the spatial expansion of world religions; other themes in the geography of religion, including civil religion and environmental theology.

GRG X80D. Environment and Health in Latin America.

Issues related to health, health care, and development in Latin America and the Caribbean, considered with the recognition that health depends on the interactions of social, economic, and political factors as well as on health care services.

GRG X80E. Geomorphology of the Southwest.

Geography of West Texas and New Mexico; late Cenozoic basalt flows, volcanic ashes, sand sheets, alluvium, paleolake deposits, glacial moraines, colluvium, and soils; integration of landforms and landscape ecology. Includes a ten-day field trip.

GRG X80F. Field Techniques in Sediments and Soils.

Designed to provide experience in field description of sediments and soils in Central Texas; second half of course focuses on field interpretation of geomorphology and landscape evolution using sedimentary deposits and soils.

GRG X81. Topics in Seminar in Historical Geography.

Topics include Latin America, Anglo-America, Texas, boundaries, settlement origins and patterns, origins of agriculture.

GRG X81C. Mapping the Middle East.

Ways in which the Middle East is and has been represented cartographically. Cartographic representations of the region during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries; the nature and evolution of a distinctive Islamic cartographic tradition; the role and use of maps during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries both in the extension of colonialism and in the creation of modern states; and the contemporary use, applications, and implications of geographic information systems in organizing and representing data spatially.

GRG X81D. Soil Geomorphology.

Examine three aspects of soil geomorphology: soil formation as it relates to earth surface processes, soils and sustainability, and soil ecosystem interactions.

GRG X82K. Geo-Archaeology and Environmental History.

GRG X83C. Topics in Seminar in Environment and Development.

A third- and fourth-world perspective on the geographic implications of international development; emphasis on local and global environmental effects.

GRG X83C.2. Environment and Development in the Middle East.

GRG X83F. Long-Term Climate Change and History.

Climate and atmospheric science considered with long-term climate and historical and archaeological change over Earth history, focusing on the Quaternary to the future.

GRG X84C. Watershed Systems and Environmental Management.

The effect of landcover change on drainage basin processes, considered from a geomorphological perspective over varying temporal and spatial scales. Topics may include watershed management, stream channel restoration, fluvial geomorphic processes, and Geographic Information Systems applications to drainage basin processes.

GRG X85. Topics in Seminar in Regional Geography.

GRG X85.1. Regional Geography of Latin America.

Topics include land and life in Central America; culture, environment, and development in Latin America; recent trends in Latin American geography.

GRG X85.2. Europe.

Topics include various aspects of the economic and political geography of individual nations or regions, such as regional differences in Southeast Europe, agricultural developments in European Community countries, trade, viability of individual countries, the changing resources picture in Western and Eastern Europe.

GRG X85.3. Anglo-America.

Topics include agricultural patterns of the United States, comparative regional studies, measurement and delimitation of regions, analysis of population shifts.

GRG X85.4. Asia.

Topics include economic regionalization in Asia, spatial structure of Asian manufacturing, regional discrimination analysis for selected areas and variables in Asia, urban structure in South Asia, developmental activity and spatial change in India.

GRG X85.5. Regional Geography of the Middle East and North Africa.

Topics include developmental activity and spatial change in the Middle East, comparative regional studies.

GRG X85C. Quaternary Landscapes.

Changing physical and biotic landscapes on Ice Age earth during the past two million years. Reconstruction of Quaternary geomorphic landscapes based on principles and applications of geochronology and paleoclimatology.

GRG X85H. Wetlands: Earth System Science and History.

Biophysical, historical, and policy/restoration components of wetlands with global and regional case studies.

GRG X86C. Topics in Seminar in Quaternary Studies.

Issues and new developments in regional and global aspects of Quaternary climates, biota, prehistory, and landscape evolution.

GRG X87C. Political Ecology.

An introduction to the history of development theory, economic globalization, studies in the history of science, issues of social justice, and critical studies of environmental history.

GRG X87D. Globalization, Conflict, and Resistance.

Focuses on a theoretical and empirical understanding of the economic, cultural, political, and policy dimensions of globalization; study of the impact of globalization on people and places; understanding of class and identity conflicts using case studies from Latin America, the United States, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia; and exploration of theories of social movement with examples from the global North and South.

GRG X87K. Geoarchaeology of Mesoamerica.

Examine three areas of Mesoamerican geoarchaeology: regional environments, the lines of scientific evidence for current and past environments, and human-environmental interactions from the Pleistocene to the present.

GRG X88. Seminar in Resources and Conservation.

Development of the conservation movement, problems of resource misuse, conservation practices, state and national conservation policies, nature and distribution of natural resources.

GRG X88C. Indigenous Maps, Architecture, and Enculturation of Colonial Mexico.

The encounter of Spanish and indigenous cultures and ecologies; regional diversity of agricultural, urban, and economic development from 1521 to 1810; ethnic transformation and new socioeconomic configurations.

GRG X88R. Forest Hydrology.

Traces the history of forest hydrology as a science that describes the natural complexities of water movement through forested headwater landscapes and the changes imposed to these processes by disturbances associated with extreme weather events, deforestation, timber harvesting, wildfires, and climate change.

GRG X89P. Hydrogeomorphology.

Hydrologic and geomorphologic applications to practical problems in physical geography, geology, civil engineering, ecology, and environmental sciences.

GRG X90. Cultural and Humanistic Geography.

Analysis of human-environment interactions by employing the concepts of place, home, and dwelling. Discussion of humanistic and postmodern geographical research.

GRG X90C. Landscape, Meaning, and Society.

The creation, transformation, and meaning of landscapes within different societies through time. Iconographical analysis of the built environment; impress of belief and ideology on landscape; analysis of nationalistic and authoritarian landscapes; problems of defining and mapping ethnicity; civilizational process and behavior; institutional vandalism, place annihilation, and the destruction and effacement of landscape symbols; cultural and geographical foundations and unintended consequences of global economic integration.

GRG X90K. Issues in Geography.

Examines the history, philosophy, and ontology of geography, including its various subfields.

GRG X90L. Research in Geography.

Builds on topics explored in Geography 390K by focusing on epistemology and research in the field of geography. Students develop plans for research and write a research proposal.

GRG X90S. Environment, Development, and Food Production.

Assessment of various types of nonmechanized agriculture with regard to environmental factors and management techniques.

GRG X91C. Dynamics of Earth Systems.

An overview of climate, vegetation, soil, and landform processes. Principles and methodology of physical geography.

GRG X91M. Multivariate Techniques in Spatial Analysis.

The application of multivariate data analytic techniques including regression, factor, canonical, and discriminatory analysis of spatial problems.

GRG X92C. The Anthropocene in the Longue Duree.

Explore the "Anthropocene" (early to future) from the perspectives of multiple disciplines including geography, anthropology, archaeology, geology, and ecology. Discuss its drivers, its historical roots, and its chronologies.

GRG X92D. Grant Writing in Geography.

Designed to train students to write competitive and successful applications for extramural grants and fellowships.

GRG X92M. Seminar in Biodiversity Conservation.

Examines issues that involve the conservation and sustainable use of plants, animals, and ecosystems.

GRG X93C. Seminar in Digital Landscapes.

Explores the theoretical and applied issues associated with the acquisition, analysis, simulation, and visualization of digital geographic information, with an emphasis on current trends in landscape characterization, landscape ecology, biodiversity, global change, environmental remote sending, and socio-ecological systems.

GRG X93D. Geographical Information Systems and Ecological Modeling.

Covers the steps involved in conceptualizing and formulating predictive models in a raster geographical information systems environment. Although many of the topics covered are fairly generic and can be applied to any application area in which raster data are used, species distribution models will be used as the example application area.

GRG X93M. Advanced Remote Sensing and Quantitative Landscape Ecology.

Advanced digital image processing of optical satellite imagery for landscape composition and pattern analysis.

GRG X94. Seminar in Urban Analysis.

Research seminar in urban issues: demographic, environmental, and transportation modeling; metropolitan finance; and urban social pathologies.

GRG X94F. Feminist Geographies.

Uses a feminist geographic lens to interrogate a range of historical and contemporary geopolitical and geoeconomic issues including (re)productive labor struggles, migration, development, globalization, colonialism, nationalism, militarization and transnational resistance movements.

GRG X94K. Geographic Information Systems.

An introduction to the design and use of geographic information systems and to computer-based tools used to store, manage, analyze, and display spatially referenced data.

GRG X94L. Advanced Applications of Information Technology.

Advanced issues in computer cartography, geographic information systems, three-dimensional environmental reconstruction and rendering, terrain modeling, animation of environmental processes, and hypertext and multimedia authoring. Interdisciplinary subjects, such as the application of geographic information systems to archaeological research, historical demography, and habitat mapping and analysis.

GRG X95. Cultural Adaptation and Change.

A graduate-level introduction to cultural behavior, adaptation, evolution and transformation, with emphasis on demography, diffusion, migration, ethnicity, and institutions.

GRG X95D. Latin American Cultures, Environment, and Development.

Exploration through Latin American examples of issues of cultural identity and territory, adaptive strategies, environmental impact, conservation, cultural survival, parks and people, and sustainable development.

GRG X95K. Getting and Staying Funded.

Written, oral, and multi-media skills for improved success in academic and non-academic professional arenas including, but not limited to, grant and thesis proposal writing, CV and job application writing, audience-targeted formal and informal oral presentations, multimedia production (e.g., poster, video), and career timeline planning.

GRG X96. Techniques in Pollen Analysis.

Field sampling, laboratory processing, microscopy, pollen grain morphology, pollen counting, and data-handling techniques.

GRG X96C. Seminar in Current Geographic Research.

Review and discussion of recent research projects across the field of geography; includes analysis of theories and methodologies, and various methods for presenting results.

GRG X96K. Quaternary Palynology.

Methods, principles, and applications of pollen analysis to vegetational, paleoenvironmental, and ethnobotanical reconstructions.

GRG X96T. Topics in Geography.

GRG X97. Conference Course in Geography.

Supervised study and research.

GRG X98. Thesis.

GRG X98R. Master's Report.

Preparation of a report to fulfill the requirement for the master's degree under the report option.

GRG X98T. Supervised Teaching in Geography.

Teaching under the close supervision of the course instructor; group meetings with the instructor, individual consultations, and reports throughout the teaching period.