GEO - Geological Sciences

Geological Sciences: GEO

Lower-Division Courses

GEO X01. Physical Geology.

Nature, properties, and distribution of crustal materials; surficial processes; internal processes; origin of continents, oceans, and ocean basins; mineral and fuel resources.

GEO X02C. Climate: Past, Present, and Future.

Explore the science of climate change. Examine the history of Earth's climate and the factors driving its changes. Discuss the Earth's climate history and the processes driving climate change; physical concepts governing heat and mass transfers in the atmosphere; the role of oceans in climate systems; temporal scales of climate change, from tectonic to millennial; anthropogenic global warming and human impacts on climate; health and ecosystem impacts of climate change; and methods for observing, modeling, and predicting climate change.

GEO X02D. Age of Dinosaurs.

Introduction to the study of life and why it matters. Explore the general principles of natural history, focusing on the natural history of dinosaurs. Discuss the basics of geology, anatomy, paleontology, and evolutionary theory, followed by the application of this knowledge, in tracing the evolutionary history of Dinosauria.

GEO X02E. Earth, Wind, and Fire.

Designed for non-geological sciences majors. Geologic phenomena that affect everyday life, including global warming, earthquakes, volcanism, desertification, river and coastline flooding and erosion, groundwater, mineral resources, and plate tectonics.

GEO X02G. Earth Science and Sustainability.

Explore grand challenges in earth science that affect sustainability and society, including climate change, energy production, water availability, and natural hazards. Examine authentic data, simple models, and maps used in geoscience gathering, analysis, and real-world applications.

GEO X02J. Crisis of Our Planet.

Designed for nonscience majors. Explores the interactions between humans and the Earth system by investigating the different time and spatial scales of the natural hazards that the planet presents, and exploring the societal and economic implications of civilizations co-existing with an evolving planet. Discussion of both long-term and punctuated catastrophic hazards, focusing on those from volcanoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes, using a combination of systems level exploration of the driving mechanisms as well as case histories. Discussion of issues related to risk, mitigation, and resilience for humans facing the vast array of natural hazards.

GEO X02K. Selected Topics in Geological Sciences.

The impact of geological processes on human activity; geologic topics of popular interest.

GEO X02M. The Age of Mammals.

Introduction to paleontology and natural history for nonscience majors. Explore basic geological processes, fossilization, and the fossil record. Examine the evolution and diversification of mammals, interactions between physical and biological processes, and the impact of climate change and human activities on mammalian communities. Focus on the mammalian skeleton, common Texas mammals, and geobiological processes that shaped mammalian evolution and diversification.

GEO X02N. Geology of National Parks.

Explore the geology of the US National Park System through a detailed examination of its rocks, landscapes, climate, hydrology, natural resources, and environmental impacts. Examine particular national parks which exhibit specific Earth processes. Includes threats posed to the park system: environmental tourism, encroaching development, water and air quality, air pollution, and natural hazards.

GEO X02P. Sustaining a Planet.

Explores the interactions between humans and the Earth system by investigating the different time and spatial scales of the natural hazards that the planet presents, and exploring the societal and economic implications of civilizations co-existing with an evolving planet. Discussion of both long-term and punctuated catastrophic hazards, focusing on those from volcanoes, hurricanes, and earthquakes, using a combination of systems level exploration of the driving mechanisms as well as case histories. Discussion of issues related to risk, mitigation, and resilience for humans facing the vast array of natural hazards.

GEO X02Q. Gems and Gem Minerals.

Utilize gemstones, gold, and fine minerals as inspiration to learn optics, geologic processes that control occurrence, and crystallography. Discuss economic factors and societal impacts associated with gem and mineral deposits, along with gemstone identification using the physical and optical properties of the minerals and faceting gemstones using lapidary equipment.

GEO X02T. Climate and the Energy Transition.

Explore how humankind's use of carbon-based fuels drives climate change and powers our civilization. Examine how to transition to a carbon-neutral energy future, have sustainable economic growth, and feed 9.8 billion people in 2050.

GEO X03. Introduction to Geology.

Mineral and rock composition of the earth; measurement of geologic time; origin and evolution of life; earth's interior; plate tectonics; depositional environments and processes; ancient climates; humans, earth resources, and the environment.

GEO X03C. Introduction to the Solar System.

Examines the origin and evolution of our solar system; how processes such as volcanism and impacts have shaped planet surfaces, as well as the workings of planetary interiors; the unique properties of Earth that allowed life to arise and evolve; the prospects for seeking life on other planets in our own solar system and beyond; and the history of planetary exploration and the methods scientists use to explore fundamental questions regarding our place in the universe.

GEO X03E. Earth in 2100.

In a self-paced format, investigate Earth's physical climate system, how humans have contributed to climate change, what the Earth may look like in 2100, and how society can stop climate change.

GEO X05. Life through Time.

Examine the fundamentals of how life evolved, and the history of the development of Earth throughout geological time.

GEO X05E. Energy and the Environment.

A survey of all forms of current and potential sources of energy, and how these might impact the earth's environment.

GEO X06P. Geology and Sustainability.

Examines sustainability and environmental science from an interdisciplinary perspective.

GEO X10C. Topics in Conference Course.

Supervised study of selected topics in geological sciences, by individual arrangement with the instructor.

GEO X10T. Undergraduate Topics in Geological Sciences.

Selected undergraduate topics in geological sciences.

GEO X11. Emerging Scholars in Geological Sciences.

Introduction to research areas in the geological sciences, with emphasis on the skills needed for success in graduate school and the professional workplace.

GEO X11D. Geodata.

Examine a broad array of subjects related to data analysis and interpretation in the geosciences. Designed for lower division undergraduates to build a foundation in quantitative skills (spatial analysis, regressions, simple coding concepts) that have direct application to geoscience problems.

GEO X12N. JSG Geosciences Mentors Program - First-year.

Introduction to the various geosciences disciplines and corresponding degree programs and research areas. Emphasis on the skills needed for success in graduate school and the professional workplace, such as interactive sessions with the Jackson School of Geosciences Career Center to address internships, career planning, and job search skills.

GEO X14G. Geophysics Colloquium.

Introduction to geophysics to examine applications and discover career opportunities.

GEO X15L. Earth From Lab to Planet.

Explore the constitutive laws (e.g. elasticity, friction, viscosity) that explain the dynamical changes observed on the surface and interior of our planet, from tectonic to generational timescales. Examine different earth behaviors using hands-on experiments, in the lab and on the computer, to illuminate particular geodynamical processes. Build skills in data analysis and simulation through python-based coding. Discuss abstractions from these experiments to understand how those processes can be scaled up to understand Earth dynamics, from sedimentation to regional groundwater transport to global mantle convection.

GEO X16E. Solid Earth Processes.

Study the physical and chemical processes governing Earth and planetary evolution from the deep interior to lithosphere and surface. Explore the societal relevance of geological processes such as natural hazards and resources. Address why solid Earth dynamics is critical to sustain life and civilization at the surface.

GEO X16K. Earth Materials.

Introduction to minerals, mineral study techniques, igneous and metamorphic rocks and ore deposits, and formation processes.

GEO X16M. Sedimentary Rocks.

Description and interpretation of sedimentary rocks in hand specimen and thin section; characteristics of sedimentary rocks deposited in different environments.

GEO X16P. Sedimentary Rocks.

Examines the fundamentals of sedimentary rocks, including siliciclastic grain parameters and mineralogy, sediment transport and sedimentary structures; and carbonate mineralogy and geochemistry, grain and matrix constituents, modern facies, and classification. Reviews the principal siliciclastic and carbonate depositional systems, their process of formation and facies architecture and the role of process and architecture in petrophysical patterns, distribution of permeability and porosity, flow units, reservoir heterogeneities, and hydrocarbon recovery.

GEO X16S. Earth and Planetary Processes Through Time.

Explore modern physical, chemical, and biological processes through the prism of Texas's changing rivers and coastlines. Examine geologic times since the last Ice Age, deep geological time by looking at the Permian age, and the interpretation of planetary systems with an emphasis on underlying tenets of the history of life, geologic time, and surface processes.

GEO X16W. Climate, Water, and the Environment.

Introduction to climate system science through quantitative exploration of the processes that control Earth's water and carbon cycles. Discuss how the geosphere, atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and biosphere interact to govern the movement of water and the evolution of climate and weather conditions throughout Earth's history and in the present day. Explore current issues in climate change, water resources, and environmental sustainability.

GEO X19S. Topics in Geological Sciences.

This course is used to record credit the student earns while enrolled at another institution in a program administered by the University's Study Abroad office. Credit is recorded as assigned by the study abroad adviser in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. University credit is awarded for work in an exchange program; it may be counted as coursework taken in residence. Transfer credit is awarded for work in an affiliated studies program.

Upper-Division Courses

GEO X20F. Classic Geology in Scotland.

Introduction to the founding concepts of geology. Students use advanced field technologies while studying the geology of Scotland on all scales of size.

GEO X20H. Honors Introductory Geology.

An accelerated introductory course on the composition, structure, and history of the earth.

GEO X20K. Introduction to Field and Stratigraphic Methods.

Field observation of geological processes and study of the mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, paleontology, and structural geology of central Texas.

GEO X20L. Introductory Field Geology.

Designed for non-geological sciences majors. Study of geologic features and processes in the field; emphasizes regional geology of central Texas and techniques of geologic mapping.

GEO X20S. Introduction to Atmospheric Sciences.

Introduction to atmospheric science, including atmospheric radiation, circulation systems, thermodynamics, and cloud and precipitation processes. Discuss tornadoes, hurricanes, weather systems, and contemporary climate change to provide an opportunity to relate basic principles to real-world phenomena.

GEO X22E. Scientific Research Design.

Examine principles of experimental design including formulation of target questions and method choice in a unique, interdisciplinary, community context. Focus on honing principles of experimental design (including formulation of target questions and method choice), scientific writing, as well as introducing tool kits for data analysis, statistical approaches, and data visualization.

GEO X22J. Transitions in the History of Life.

Introduction to major perturbations in the history of life; specifically, mass extinctions and carbon-cycle perturbations (hyperthermal, anoxic, and acidification events). Discuss kill mechanisms (impacts, large igneous provinces, glaciations) and the subsequent environmental perturbations and ecological ramifications. Examine biotic crises in the past, with an eye to future ecosystem collapse, as well as the environmental and paleobiological responses to these events.

GEO X22K. Paleobiology.

Systematics, biostratigraphy, paleoecology, and evolution of fossil organisms.

GEO X22M. Basin GeoMechanics.

Develop the technical foundation and physical insight to explore how stress and pressure drive geologic and human-induced processes. Examine applications including C02 sequestration, geothermal energy, hydraulic-fracturing, faulting, geopressure development, hydrocarbon entrapment, subsidence and compaction, slope stability, and borehole stability.

GEO X22S. Development and Evolution of the Vertebrate Skeleton.

Introduction to the organization and development of the vertebrate skeleton; survey of vertebrate history.

GEO X22T. JSG Geosciences Mentors Program - Transfer.

GEO X22V. Morphology of the Vertebrate Skeleton.

Explore the vertebrate skeleton. Access hundreds of specimens for hands-on learning of the vertebrate skeleton. Focus on identification of skeletal elements and their proper placement in major vertebrate groups.

GEO X25C. Continuum Mechanics.

Explore the foundation for the modeling of fluids and solids in geological and geophysical phenomena, such as mantle convection, glaciology, rock mechanics, and climate dynamics. Examine tensor analysis, the kinematics of motion, forces, and stresses. Discuss basic balance (conservation) laws for mass, momentum, and energy, and constitutive laws for fluids and solids. Develop governing equations to geodynamics, glaciology, seismology, and geophysical fluid dynamics.

GEO X25G. Computational Applications in the Geosciences.

An introduction to programming in MATLAB and applications to simulation of physical processes and data analysis in the geosciences.

GEO X25J. Programming in FORTRAN and MATLAB.

FORTRAN for students without knowledge of a computer programming language: survey of all variable types, loops, arrays, subroutines, and functions; overview of UNIX and MATLAB.

GEO X25K. Computational Methods.

Examine numerical methods for data analysis. Discuss digital data representation, convolution, the discrete Fourier transform, design of commonly used filters, and least-squares estimation.

GEO X25M. Numerical Modeling in the Geosciences.

Covers numerical solution of dynamical problems arising in the solid earth geosiences. Entails development of individual codes in Matlab and application of codes to understanding heat transfer, wave propagation, elastic, and viscous deformations. Requires familiarity with Matlab.

GEO X25P. Modeling Flow and Transport in Porous Media.

Introduction to the modeling of flow and transport in porous media with focus on basic dynamic phenomena that occur during single-phase flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. Discussion of the numerical solution of both the elliptic equations governing the flow of groundwater and the hyperbolic equations governing solute transport. Includes a programming project which requires writing a functional numerical simulator.

GEO X26D. Earth in Deep Time.

Examine the causes and consequences of significant changes in Earth's surface environment and tectonic processes over the past 4.5 billion years. Discuss the initial Earth accretion, the Faint Young Sun problem, the rise of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere and general requirements for planetary habitability and how interactions between Earth's interior, the surface, and biosphere have shaped planetary evolution.

GEO X26P. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.

Examine the fundamental ways in which igneous and metamorphic rocks record processes occurring within our dynamic Earth, and how compositions and textures of minerals relate to the conditions from which they form. Learn how to identify igneous and metamorphic minerals in hand specimen and thin section, and how their textures record the pressures and temperatures of the Earth's interior.

GEO X27G. Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System Applications in Earth Sciences.

Develop Geographic Information Systems (GIS) skills using Esri's ArcGIS Pro software, working on real-world challenges relevant to geoscience, environmental science, and energy resources. Focus on GIS fundamentals, spatial reference systems, map projections, cartographic principles, remote sensing data (Landsat, LiDAR) and both vector and raster data analysis. Explore geospatial data resources and apply techniques in vector and raster-based analysis to generate maps and spatial models.

GEO X28. Structural Geology.

Study how and why rocks deform. Develop a practical toolset to quantify the mechanisms, magnitude, and timing of tectonic deformation by studying the rock record. Explore the physics underpinning how features such as faults, fractures, folds, and crystallographic fabrics initiate and evolve due to variation in tectonic forces, rock material properties, and pressure-temperature conditions.

GEO X28W. Vadose Zone Hydrology.

Introduction to hydrologic processes occurring in the vadose zone (unsaturated zone), the subsurface region between the ground surface and groundwater. Focus on the physical processes that govern the movement of water in variably saturated porous media, and the exchange of mass and energy at Earth's surface. Explore theoretical and applied aspects, measurement techniques and computational tools, and environmental challenges of the vadose zone.

GEO X29S. Topics in Geological Sciences.

This course is used to record credit the student earns while enrolled at another institution in a program administered by the University's Study Abroad Office. Credit is recorded as assigned by the study abroad adviser in the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. University credit is awarded for work in an exchange program; it may be counted as coursework taken in residence. Transfer credit is awarded for work in an affiliated studies program.

GEO X29W. Hydrogeology Cooperative (Geological Sciences).

Covers the work period of geological sciences students in the Cooperative Education program, which provides supervised work experience by arrangement with the employer and the supervising instructor. Required submission of a final report to the supervising instructor at the conclusion of the program.

GEO X30K. Energy Exploration.

Covers the fundamental elements of the petroleum system, including the origin of source rocks and reservoirs, rock properties, migration of hydrocarbons, and correlation methods for rock formations. During the final weeks of the course, students form exploration teams and work up real subsurface data from the Gulf of Mexico in order to participate in a simulated lease sale.

GEO X31K. Petrology and Plate Tectonics.

Sedimentation, metamorphism, igneous activity, and deformation patterns at rift zones, subduction zones, and transform margins.

GEO X35. Geology and Mineral Resources of Texas.

Geologic history of the region; local rocks, fossils, and mineral resources; influence of physiography, surface and subsurface water supplies, and energy and mineral resource production on the state economy.

GEO X35J. Jackson Scholars Seminar.

Discuss professional development skills, scholarship, research, and outreach.

GEO X36C. CO2 Storage in Geological Formations.

Explore how capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) underground is an important means of mitigating climate change. Examine the geological and environmental aspects of CO2 injection, sequestration, and monitoring that control the success of real CO2 storage projects.

GEO X37T. Global Tectonics.

Examine tectonic processes within the dynamic Earth, with a focus on plate boundary processes. Discuss fundamentals of plate tectonics; plate motion, driving forces, and mantle convection; evolution of plate margins including convergent, transform, rifting, and mid-ocean ridge spreading centers, triple junctions and collisional orogenesis; plate reconstructions; earthquakes and focal mechanisms; structure and geochemistry of the Earth's interior. Explore challenging questions of onset of plate tectonics, subduction initiation, and tectonics on other planets.

GEO X38J. Marine Geology.

Impart an understanding of the fundamental way in which marine geologic processes affect the overall Earth System via a survey of the field of marine geology. Explore the structure and evolution of ocean basins, oceanic islands, and island arcs; the chemistry of the oceans; the sediments in the marine environments; the products and processes of the land-air-sea interface; and the history of the oceans over geologic time.

GEO X38T. Marine Tectonics.

Tectonic processes within the dynamic Earth, with a focus on oceanic structures. Subjects may include fundamentals of plate tectonics; plate motion, driving forces, and mantle convection; evolution of triple junction and plate margins; plate reconstructions; earthquakes and focal mechanisms; structure and geochemistry of the Earth's interior; mantle structure and tomography; rheology and deformation mechanisms in mantle and crust; heat flow, gravity, the geoid, and paleomagnetism; hotspots and mantle plumes; seafloor spreading and oceanic spreading ridges; oceanic transform faults and fracture zones; and subduction zones, volcanic island arcs, and marginal seas.

GEO X38W. Paleoclimate.

Introduction to paleoclimatology, the study of Earth's past climate. Examine a broad spectrum of geological archives of climate change including those from the oceans, the land, and the cryosphere.

GEO X39T. Continental Tectonics.

Tectonic processes, with a focus on continental lithospheric structures. Subjects may include convergent margins, subduction zones, magmatic arcs, and foreland structures; collisional orogenesis, arc-continent collisions, continent-continent collision, and mountain building; formation of supercontinents; uplift and exhumation; orogenic collapse and extensional tectonics; continental rifting and passive margins; transform margins; and the effect of tectonics on climate and oceanic circulation.

GEO X40T. Geoclimatology.

Examination of the climate records encoded in sedimentary archives through geologic time.

GEO X41. Mineral Resources, Society, and the Environment.

Nature and origin of mineral resources; their discovery, extraction, and uses; and their relationship to global history, economics, and the environment.

GEO X41F. Microstructures and Rock Rheology.

Focuses on processes of deformation operative in the crust and upper mantle, with an emphasis on distinguishing these processes using microstructural analysis and describing them using basic constitutive relationships from rock mechanics.

GEO X41G. Geomicrobiology.

Geologic and hydrologic controls on subsurface microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure; the geochemical consequences of microbial processes in subsurface settings; and the influence of geology on microbial ecology.

GEO X43Q. Fundamentals and Applications of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry.

Explores inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace, minor and major element measurement, and applications in analytical fields. Discussion of fundamentals of technique, applications, and capabilities of ICP-MS through hands-on lab experience.

GEO X44K. Marine Mining and Minerals.

Overview of seafloor mineral deposits, their exploration, and mining.

GEO X44U. Quantitative Seismic Interpretation.

Seismic inversion, a tool for reservoir characterization, post- and pre-stack modeling, rock physics and fluid replacement modeling, wavelet estimation and post-stack inversion, AVO and pre-stack inversion, multiattribute regression and neural network, and net pay estimation. Extensive hands-on training with three-dimensional seismic and well-log data.

GEO X45E. Professional Ethics in Geosciences.

Explore supervised study devoted to the subject of professional ethics, personal integrity, scientific communication ethics and societal implications related to the geosciences. Discuss subject matter and ethical conundrums that will vary to maintain societal and scientific relevance.

GEO X46C. Introduction to Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology.

Basic concepts of fluid flow, surface and subsurface hydrology, aqueous geochemistry, and fluid-rock interaction. Additional subjects include isotope hydrogeology, evolution of seawater, and mineral-solution equilibrium.

GEO X47D. Global Warming.

Discussion of the fundamental sciences of global warming, including an active investigation of contemporary climate change issues.

GEO X47G. Climate System Modeling.

Study the basic theory of weather/climate system modeling using state-of-the-art regional climate models in a variety of applications. Discuss paleoclimate, contemporary, and/or future climate prediction due to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

GEO X47K. Gems and Gem Minerals.

Crystallography, occurrence, and identification of gem minerals and materials; artificial gems; simple cutting and polishing; history of gems and gemology.

GEO X47P. Climate System Physics.

Discussion of first-order principles and processes that govern the thermodynamical structure and energy distribution of the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere and their interaction with the dynamic aspect of the climate system.

GEO X48K. Marine Geology and Geophysics Field Course.

Hands-on, team-based instruction in the collection and processing of marine geological and geophysical data along the Gulf of Mexico coast.

GEO X48P. Field Methods in Planetary Geology.

Field studies combined with remote sensing to support studies of remote imagery from planetary missions.

GEO X49C. Introduction to the Cryosphere.

Explore how the cryosphere (ice sheets, glaciers, snow, and ice) interacts within the Earth system. Discuss ice physics, the geologic record of glaciation and glacial landscapes, and the relationship between glaciers and climate in the past, present, and future.

GEO X50D. Ice Dynamics.

Physics of ice motion, basal processes, glacial hydrology, and unstable flow.

GEO X50L. Topics in Lithosphere and Deep Earth.

GEO X50L.1. Tectonic Geodynamics.

Discuss the processes that determine the evolution of the solid Earth system, combining views from the fields of tectonics, structural geology, and geodynamics. Understand the why of earthquakes, plate motions, subduction, orogeny, and lithospheric deformation including topography. Integrate geophysical and geological constraints from key regional settings to global scales to explore the links between theory and observations.

GEO X50L.2. Geophysics Seminar I.

GEO X50L.3. Geophysics Seminar II.

GEO X50S. Topics in Subsurface, Surface, and Life.

GEO X50T. Tectonic Geodynamics.

GEO X50W. Topics in Water, Climate, and Environment.

GEO X50W.1. Dynamics of Polar Systems.

Examine the fundamental physics that govern dynamics of ice sheets, oceans, and sea ice from a theoretical viewpoint that is supported with as many observations as possible.

GEO X50W.4. Statistical Data Analysis.

Examine the statistical, scientific, and computational approaches used to test hypotheses concerning the physics governing observed changes in the Earth System. Explore concepts in linear algebra and statistics such as regression, least-squares inversion, singular spectral analysis, Bayesian inference, Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling, and test statistics to survey the existence of a discernable influence of humanity on the observational record of climate.

GEO X52P. Python for Geoscience Research.

Explore the Python 3 programming language and its application to scientific research. Examine basic Python and common scientific Python libraries such as numpy, pandas, matplotlib, datetime.

GEO X54. Physics of Earth.

Examines the kinematics and dynamics of the solid Earth as well as its evolution through time. Observations from multiple geophysical techniques are reviewed and applied towards understanding the planet.

GEO X55G. Geodynamics of the Lithosphere and Mantle.

Explores continuum dynamics problems that can serve to form a physical understanding of the tectonic and convective processes that shape our planet. Geared toward all undergraduate majors and graduate students from the Earth sciences and related fields in the natural sciences including physics, computer science, and engineering.

GEO X55S. Introduction to Remote Sensing for Geoscientists.

Examine the fundamentals of acquiring, processing, and interpreting remote sensing data. Explore the development of skills in the use and analysis of remote sensing data. Survey the physics of electromagnetic radiation and its interaction with geologic materials; common techniques for remote sensing; science goals and instruments onboard ongoing and planned remote sensing missions; and techniques for analysis of remote sensing data.

GEO X56S. Ins and Outs of Subduction Zones.

Discuss subduction zones, including the thermal and seismic structure of subduction zones, volatile and geochemical cycling, petrology of the subducting slab, seismicity, mantle wedge dynamics, volcanism, and the start of plate tectonics.

GEO X58K. Volcanology.

Discuss eruptive processes and products of volcanoes, using methods and concepts from mineralogy, petrology, fluid dynamics, depositional processes, geomorphology, stratigraphy, structural geology, field mapping, remote sensing, geochemical monitoring, and seismology. Examine the prediction and reduction of volcanic hazards; challenges faced by geologists in communicating with the public, decision-makers, and the media; and other impacts that volcanoes have on society, including the Earth's climate.

GEO X60. Field Geology.

Learn to identify sedimentary structures, measure and describe stratigraphy, interpret physical and environmental conditions in rock deposits, and develop foundational skills in geologic mapping and cross-section construction. Perform fieldwork including the use of UAV, LiDAR, and remote sensing data to enhance mapping and interpretation. Explore the geologic history and tectonic evolution of the Rocky Mountains and collect field and structural data to develop geologic maps, cross sections, and other geological products, interpreting the formation of folds, faults, rock fabrics, and associated features. Gain an understanding of crustal tectonics and the landform evolution of the region.

GEO X60G. Construction and Interpretations of 3-D Stratigraphy.

From Earth surface to subsurface, examines three-dimensional volumes of basin-filling stratigraphy to explore how depositional landscapes are preserved in the sedimentary record and how sedimentary deposits can be analyzed to produce quantitative reconstructions of past environmental states. Data includes both laboratory and industry-grade volumes of stratigraphy. Intended for Earth scientists requiring a quantitative understanding of how the structure of depositional landscapes is translated into subsurface stratigraphy.

GEO X61. Geophysics Field Camp.

Field studies for geophysics majors, including seismic, magnetic, electrical, gravity, and other techniques; related data processing and interpretation.

GEO X63S. Sedimentary Basin Analysis.

Quantitative and applied analysis of basin subsidence and sediment accumulation. Consider theoretical basin evolution due to flexural, thermal, dynamic, and fault-related subsidence. Analyze selected basin systems.

GEO X64P. Physical Oceanography.

Basic concepts for understanding and describing the large-scale circulation of the ocean. Covers measurement methods, properties of seawater, description of the global ocean's mean state and variability, introductory dynamics including balanced motions, wind-driven and abyssal circulation, wave motions, air-sea interactions, sea level science, and the ocean's role in climate.

GEO X65K. Seismic Exploration.

Seismic theory, including body and surface waves, attenuation, rays, reflection and transmission coefficients, principles of synthetic seismogram calculations, seismic imaging principles, reflection data processing methods, rock physics overview, seismic attributes overview, and seismic exploration field methods.

GEO X65N. Seismic Data Processing.

Reduction of seismic data from field records to final geologic images, using real data sets and open-source data analysis software.

GEO X65P. Potential Field Applications in Geophysics.

Introduction to the theory, measurement, and application of gravity and magnetic and electric fields to exploration and global-scale problems.

GEO X65Q. Geomorphology Process and Form.

Explores how Earth surface processes combine to shape landscapes through erosion and deposition. Includes discussion of open channel flow, sediment transport, fluvial and hillslope processes, and tectonic controls on landscape evolution.

GEO X66M. Mathematical Methods in Geophysics.

A survey of mathematics for geoscientists that includes infinite series, complex variables, linear algebra, integral transforms, ordinary and partial differential equations, tensor analysis, and probability and statistics.

GEO X66P. Planetary Geology and Geophysics.

Introduction to planetary geology, with an emphasis on geophysical observations of terrestrial planets in our solar system. Discuss missions, instruments, techniques, and incorporation of mission data in projects.

GEO X67M. Morphodynamics and Quantitative Stratigraphy.

Explores development of numerical tools to quantitatively understand sediment transport and stratigraphic development in sedimentary basins. Focus on applications of principles in fluid mechanics, sediment transport, and depositional mechanics to one-dimensional and quasi-two dimensional numerical modeling of sediment morphodynamics in depositional settings such as river deltas, carbonate platforms, and submarine fans. Requires development of geometrical and morphodynamic models as research tools to understand gathered data.

GEO X68K. Geophysics for Geological Sciences Majors.

A survey of seismic, magnetic, gravitational, and other geophysical tools and their application to exploration and global-scale problems.

GEO X69E. Evolution of Reef Ecosystems.

Introduction to the paleobiology, sedimentology, and oceanography of reef ecosystems throughout the geological record as well as the environmental and evolutionary factors that controlled the expansion and collapse of the carbonate ecosystems. Explore ocean chemistry, how organisms biomineralize a skeleton, symbiosis, ecology, mass extinctions, as well as current and future threats to reef health.

GEO X70E. Ecohydrology and Biometeorology.

Study the terrestrial biosphere and the ways ecosystems influence the water cycle. Investigate water, carbon, and energy fluxes within the Earth system from a hands-on experimental approach and through exposure to land-surface and climate models. Includes hydrology, Earth science, environmental engineering, ecology, biology, and climatology.

GEO X70K. Sedimentology.

Processes of sediment formation, transportation, and deposition; textures, structures, and facies of sedimentary rocks.

GEO X70Q. Morphodynamics and Quantitative Stratigraphy.

Explore numerical tools useful for quantitatively assessing sediment transport and stratigraphic development in sedimentary basins. Apply principles in fluid mechanics, sediment transport, and depositional mechanics to one-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional numerical modeling of sediment morphodynamics in various depositional settings such as river deltas, carbonate platforms, and submarine fans. Develop geometrical and morphodynamic models as research tools to understand data collected from laboratory experiments and in the field.

GEO X71C. Topics in Conference Course.

Supervised study of selected topics in geological sciences, by individual arrangement with the department and instructor.

GEO X71H. Honors Research Methods I.

Preparation for independent research projects through exposure to current research programs, facilities, personnel, and projects in the Jackson School of Geosciences. Includes selecting research topics, mentors, and supervisors; preparing research proposals; conducting research activities; and presenting research results.

GEO X71S. Geological Sciences Research Methods.

Supervised research project completed in collaboration with faculty supervisor and related research group members either as a one-semester research activity in preparation for a senior thesis project.

GEO X71T. Topics in Geological Sciences: Undergraduate Seminar.

GEO X72H. Honors Research Methods II.

GEO X72S. Geochemical Problem Solving with Atoms and Ions.

Discussion of mass spectrometers, which are analytical balances that operate at molecular and atomic levels, used for gathering compositional data (both isotopic and elemental). Explores conversion of sample molecules into charged particles (ions), and measurement according to mass-to-charge ratio to assess chemical identity and abundance. Introduction to inorganic mass spectrometry methods and applications to the Earth sciences, surveying key modalities: TIMS, ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, MC-ICP-MS, and IRMS. Examines techniques in generating and critically evaluating high-quality data, and research.

GEO X73H. Honors Research Methods III.

GEO X76C. Isotope Geology.

Overview of the principles of stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry. Subjects include mass spectrometry, geochronology and thermochronology, cosmogenic nuclides, radiogenic geochemistry, isotopic fractionation, traditional and non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry and its applications to the hydrologic cycle, low-temperature geochemistry, magmatic and metamorphic processes, thermometry, fluid-rock interactions, tectonics, crust-mantle evolution, and extraterrestrial materials.

GEO X76E. Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.

The application of the isotope and trace element geochemistry of natural waters and sediments to studies of the hydrologic cycle. Stable, radiogenic, and cosmogenic isotopes are used as tracers of the evolution of groundwater, surface water, and ocean water.

GEO X76K. Groundwater Hydrology.

Introduction to subsurface hydrology, emphasizing geological controls on groundwater flow; quantitative methods of analyzing aquifer systems; regional hydrology; water quality and pollution.

GEO X76L. Field Methods in Groundwater Hydrology.

Train in and experience hydrology field methods as well as data handling and analysis. Learn methods including drilling and well installation, well logging, hydraulic testing, stream gauging, near-surface geophysics, water sampling and analysis, soil sampling and analysis, hydrologic monitoring and mapping of water tables and flow paths, hydrometeorological measurements, and general mapping and surveying. Train on sampling and safe operation of instrumentation.

GEO X76M. Aqueous Geochemistry.

Explore aqueous geochemistry. Examine basic thermodynamics, kinetics, mineral solubility, acid-base chemistry, the carbonate system, surface chemistry, silicate mineral weathering, redox chemistry, and aqueous complexes. Learn the computer program PHREEQC.

GEO X76S. Physical Hydrology.

Modern conceptual and methodological approaches to hydrological science: qualitative assessment of hydrological processes, quantitative representation, approaches to measurement, and treatment of uncertainty. Major components of the hydrological cycle: precipitation, snow and snowmelt, infiltration, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff and their link to the coupled-earth system.

GEO X76T. High-Temperature Geochemistry.

Study of the composition, origin, and chemical and physical evolution of the earth and its interior. Examines the links between the fields of geochemistry and tectonics, igneous petrology, geophysics, and other areas of inquiry.

GEO X76W. Hydrogeophysics.

Application of geophysical methods in hydrogeology. Modules include method theory and hydrogeological applications; using instruments in the field; and analysis of data, interpretation, and hydrogeological insights. Class discussions; field exercises and written field exercise summaries; individual and group reports. Previous coursework and/or experience in hydrogeology and geophysics is recommended.

GEO X77K. Applied Karst Hydrogeology.

The study of karst landforms, processes, flow systems, and water resources. Geologic controls, natural resources, aquifer recharge and discharge, system evolution, geochemistry/water quality, tracing methodologies, geophysical methods, and modeling are covered with an emphasis on collecting and interpreting field data.

GEO X77P. Physical Climatology.

Explore climate science through the lens of physical principles and Earth system science. Examine the key components of the Earth system--the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere--their interactions, and their responses to both natural and human-induced forcing. Discuss radiation, energy balance, and atmospheric/oceanic general circulation; the hydrological cycle, with a focus on surface hydrology and land-atmosphere interactions; climate feedbacks, sensitivity, and variability across temporal scales (past, present, and future). Focus on human impacts on the climate system, including urbanization, irrigation, industrialization, air pollution, and tropical deforestation.

GEO X78D. Introduction to Machine Learning and Geosciences.

Explore an overview of commonly used machine learning algorithms for Geosciences applications.

GEO X79G. Special Studies in Geophysics Research, Fieldwork, or Internship.

Special research projects, field studies, or geophysical/industrial internship. Assigned reading with written and oral report.

GEO X79H. Honors Thesis in Geological Sciences.

Supervised research project resulting in an honors thesis with an oral defense.

GEO X79J. Internship in Hydrogeology.

Special hydrogeological studies under the joint supervision of industry professionals and faculty members. Students present a written report.

GEO X79K. Special Topics in Advanced Geological Sciences.

Special emphasis on recent developments in geosciences.

GEO X79M. Mammalogy.

Surveys the biology and evolutionary history of mammals. Introduction to the diversity of living mammals through the study of mammalian ecology, behavior, morphology, and taxonomy. Laboratory work focuses on the characters diagnosing the major mammalian clades and identifying the common recent mammals of Texas using skins and recent osteological specimens. Fossils and the fossil record of mammals.

GEO X79N. Geosciences Internship.

Work experience in geological sciences under the joint supervision of industry professionals (the employer) and a supervising faculty member. Requires submission of a final report to the supervising faculty member at the end of the semester. Internship position must be on file with JSG Career Services.

GEO X79S. Geological Sciences Senior Thesis.

Second course in a two-course sequence focused on supervised student research and preparation of a final report on research activities.

Graduate Courses

GEO X80C. Advanced Structural Geology.

Origin of earth structures, solution of advanced structural problems, newest techniques, field techniques, and field problems.

GEO X80F. Seismology II.

Basic seismology theory and its application to the study of the interior of the Earth (crust, mantle, and core), earthquakes, and plate tectonics.

GEO X80G. Construction and Interpretation of 3-D Stratigraphy.

Uses three-dimensional volumes of basin-filling stratigraphy to explore how depositional landscapes are preserved in the sedimentary record and how sedimentary deposits can be analyzed to produce quantitative reconstructions of past environmental states.

GEO X80J. Mathematical Methods in Geophysics.

GEO X80N. Sequence Stratigraphy.

Organization and interpretation of stratigraphic successions in time-bounded units of genetically related strata. Sequence stratigraphy, as a predictive branch of stratigraphic analysis, provides insight into the origin of the entire spectrum of siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite sediments from shallow to deep settings. Laboratory component involves the interpretation of sequences using outcrop measured sections, core data, wireline log sections, field trips, and 2D and 3D seismic data from modern and ancient settings.

GEO X80P. Advanced Reservoir Characterization: Carbonates.

Advanced instruction in the integration of geologic and engineering methods for building 3-D reservoir models of carbonate reservoirs.

GEO X80R. Dynamics of Sedimentary Systems I.

Explores the fundamental concepts of transport systems at the Earth's surface, focusing on principles and quantitative aspects of fluid flow, sediment transport, and bedforms, as well as atmospheric and oceanic circulation, complex systems, and the integration of small-scale processes in developing quantitative stratigraphic models.

GEO X80S. Dynamics of Sedimentary Systems II.

GEO X80T. Geoclimatology.

Examines climate records encoded in sedimentary archives through geologic time.

GEO X81C. Structural Petrology.

Deformation processes from atomic to macroscopic level, resultant textures and fabrics, and conditions required to produce such deformation.

GEO X81E. Brittle Structure.

Quantitative analysis of folding, faulting, and fracturing at all scales in the upper crust, with emphasis on cross-section construction, subsurface mapping, and fracture analysis.

GEO X81F. Microstructures and Rock Rheology.

GEO X81G. Geomicrobiology.

GEO X81J. Marine Geology.

Survey of the field of marine geology by exploring the structure and evolution of the ocean basins, oceanic islands, and island arcs, the chemistry of the oceans, the sediments in the marine environments, the products and processes of the land-air-sea interface, and the history of the oceans over geologic time.

GEO X81P. Plate Margins.

Study of the tectonics of the earth. Topics include history of early concepts, ocean spreading ridges and ophiolites, rifting, core complexes, passive margins, subduction zones, trenches, volcanic arcs, collisional orogenesis, and transform margins.

GEO X81R. Regional Studies in Mineral Resources Geology.

Geologic evolution of a region, with emphasis on factors that control the origin of selected mineral resources. Study area varies according to the interests of participants and other factors.

GEO X81S. Tectonic Problems.

Explore the origin of regional structural features, complex and controversial structures, and the tectonic control of ore deposits.

GEO X81T. Marine Tectonics.

GEO X82C. Groundwater Field Methods.

Basic field methods used in evaluation of groundwater conditions, with emphasis on field interpretation and on hands-on experience with geophysical, geochemical, stream-gauging, and pump test methods.

GEO X82D. Crustal Geofluids.

Designed to provide a technical foundation for exploring how fluids drive fundamental geologic processes in sedimentary basins. Includes characterizing pressure and stress in sedimentary basins, exploring the origin of overpressure through theory and characterization, and examining how pressure and stress couple. Problems include how sedimentation generates overpressure, how hydrocarbons are trapped in the subsurface, how mud volcanoes form, how submarine landslides are generated, and the origin of methane hydrates.

GEO X82E. Scientific Research Design.

Explore the principles of experimental design including formulation of target questions and method choice in an interdisciplinary, community context.

GEO X82F. Fractured Rock Hydrology and Mechanics.

Introduction to the physics of flow in fractured rocks and soils, fracture mechanics, fracture skins, analysis of solute transport, and methods of characterizing and modeling fractured systems. Class field trips are an integral part of the class.

GEO X82G. Fluid Physics for Geologists.

Flow and transport phenomena within an earth science context. Includes extensive use of Maple, MATLAB, and COMSOL Multiphysics.

GEO X82M. Programming in FORTRAN and MATLAB.

FORTRAN for students without knowledge of a computer programming language: survey of all variable types, loops, arrays, subroutines, and functions; overview of UNIX and MATLAB.

GEO X82P. Physical Oceanography.

GEO X82S. Physical Hydrology.

Comprehensive treatment of modern conceptual and methodological approaches to hydrological science. Combines qualitative understanding of hydrological processes with quantitative representation, approaches to measurement, and treatment of uncertainty. Major components of the hydrological cycle.

GEO X82T. Continental Tectonics.

GEO X82W. Hydrogeophysics.

GEO X83. Clastic Depositional Systems.

Explore the processes and products of siliciclastic environments, including rivers, deltas, coastal systems, and deep-marine systems, with an emphasis on facies analysis, stratigraphic architecture, and sedimentary petrology. Develop the skills necessary to analyze sedimentary systems at multiple scales--from depositional environments to basin-wide correlations--emphasizing the integration of sedimentological, stratigraphical, and petrological data. Discuss the tectonic, climatic, and eustatic controls on facies transitions and provenance characterization.

GEO X83C. Topics in Geology and Hydrology.

Study of the interaction of fluids with the rock matrix, with emphasis on the role of hydrology in geologic processes and the role of geology in affecting hydrologic processes.

GEO X83D. Numerical Methods I: Computational Methods in Geological Sciences.

A survey of geophysical data analysis methods, with a focus on time series, including sampling and aliasing, convolution and correlation, statistics, linear digital filters, properties and applications of the discrete Fourier transform, and least squares. Instruction in MATLAB and Fortran and solution of data analysis problems using these two languages.

GEO X83E. Digital Methods in Hydrogeology.

Applications of mathematical software to earth science problems, with emphasis on hydrogeologic problems. Includes a brief introduction to numerical methods.

GEO X83F. Holocene-Pleistocene Sedimentology and Stratigraphic-Structural Evolution of the Caicos Platform.

Investigation of the broad range of depositional environments of the Caicos Platform through mapping exercises using state of the art digital imagery and lidar datasets, lab exercises, core workshops and a week-long field trip. Study of the evolution of the Caicos Platform carbonate system from modern sediments to complex stratigraphic records including grain types, sedimentary structures, and facies successions from the tidal flats, salinas, high-energy shoreline, and grainy back reef environments.

GEO X83G. Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks.

The hydrologic cycle, the early diagenesis, carbonate sediments, chemical sediments, and burial processes.

GEO X83K. Paleoecology.

Relationships of fossil animals and plants to their environments and to the sedimentary deposits in which they occur.

GEO X83L. Petrography of Sandstones.

Interpretation of microscale features of sandstones to decipher the paleogeographic, tectonic, and postdepositional controls on sandstone composition and texture. Examines the effects of chemical and mechanical processes in the subsurface on sandstone properties, including porosity.

GEO X83M. Petrology of Carbonates and Evaporites.

Description and interpretation of carbonate and evaporite rock deposition and paragenesis. Essentials of petrology; petrography, including identification of grain types, cement types, recrystallization, and dolomitization; and porosity evolution. Global geochemical signals in carbonate sediments, and geochemical processes of early and late diagenesis.

GEO X83N. Depositional Systems: Carbonates and Evaporites.

Analysis of carbonate and evaporite depositional systems from sedimentary structures, faunal and ichnofaunal associations, grain types, vertical and lateral facies successions within time-significant packages, and sediment body geometries.

GEO X83P. Potential Field Applications in Geophysics.

Introduction to the theory, measurement, and application of gravity and magnetic and electric fields to exploration and global-scale problems.

GEO X83R. Reservoir Geology and Advanced Recovery.

Analysis of geologic controls on composition and architecture of oil and gas reservoirs, with emphasis on reservoir heterogeneity resulting from depositional and diagenetic processes. Geological and petrophysical determinants of fluid flows and behavior.

GEO X83S. Sedimentary Basin Analysis.

Quantitative and applied study of basin subsidence and sediment accumulation. The first half of the course considers theoretical basin evolution due to flexural, thermal, dynamic, and fault-related subsidence. The second half of the course involves analysis of selected basin systems and includes student research projects and presentations on assigned topics.

GEO X83T. Tectonic and Climatic Interactions in Foreland Basins.

Integration of recent advances in foreland basins and adjacent orogenic belts, with emphasis on sedimentation, quantitative basin models, regional and global climate change, and the geometry and kinematics of fold-thrust belts.

GEO X83U. Dynamic Field Stratigraphy.

Field-based evaluation of the dynamics of the stratigraphic record, with implications for sedimentary, tectonic, and climatic processes.

GEO X84C. Seismology I.

Research seismic methods of exploration for petroleum and minerals and subsurface storage of fluids.

GEO X84D. Physics of Earth.

Geophysics of the whole Earth: seismic methods of inferring Earth structure, chemical makeup of Earth, tides and rotational variations, geomagnetism, heat flow, earthquakes, and seismicity.

GEO X84E. Seismic Migration and Inversion.

Use of the acoustic or elastic wave equation to construct subsurface images in seismic processing. Different methods of solution and data domains employed in routine applications. Investigates integral, implicit, and explicit finite differences and Fourier methods for the imaging and inversion of seismic reflection data.

GEO X84F. Finite Element Methods in Geophysics.

Numerical methods for solution of partial differential equations arising in continuum geophysics and geodynamics. Focuses on finite element methods and their application to heat conduction, viscous flow, wave propagation, and transport problems in geophysics.

GEO X84G. Subsurface Mapping and Petroleum Workstations.

Introduction to basin analysis, subsurface mapping, and petroleum exploration using a workstation. Subjects may include common tectonic settings of petroleum basins, seismic stratigraphy, structural styles, and petroleum systems. Workstation techniques include well log editing, lithology interpretation, correlation of tectonic events, integration of seismic and subsurface well data, interpretation of two- and three-dimensional seismic reflection data and structure, and isopach and seismic attribute mapping.

GEO X84H. Multidimensional Data Analysis in Geosciences.

Extracting multidimensional patterns from data, data reconstruction and registration, signal and noise separation. Elements of geostatistics, linear estimation, image analysis, and multidimensional sparsity-promoting transforms with applications to large-scale geoscientific data.

GEO X84M. Inverse Theory.

Vector spaces; model parameter estimation methods from inaccurate, insufficient, and inadequate measurements; linear, quasi-linear, and highly non-linear problems; local and global optimization methods. Emphasis on practical problem solving.

GEO X84N. Rock Physics.

Focuses on how rocks, pore fluids, and physical conditions of temperature, stress, diagenesis, and geological processes impact wave propagation, with an emphasis on how laboratory and theoretical results can be applied to field data. Presentation of case studies that outline strategies for seismic interpretation, site characterization, and recovery monitoring. Upscaling seismic and rock properties from the laboratory scale to borehole and reservoir scales. Multidisciplinary approaches to combination of geostatistical and stochastic methods, seismic-to-rock property transforms, and geologic information for reservoir characterization.

GEO X84R. Geophysical Time Series Analysis.

Surveys the following topics in time series analysis with geophysical applications: Fourier transforms, linear digital filters and their design, frequency domain analysis methods (power and coherence spectrum estimation), least squares and related methods with time series applications. MATLAB is used extensively.

GEO X84S. Seismic Data Processing.

Reduction of seismic data from field records to final geologic images, using real data sets and open-source data analysis software.

GEO X84T. Seismic Lithology.

How seismic waves propagating through earth materials respond to relevant rock, reservoir, and fluid properties in the subsurface, and how seismic data recorded on the surface are used to describe, discriminate, and estimate these rock, reservoir, and fluid properties in the subsurface.

GEO X84U. Quantitative Seismic Interpretation.

GEO X84W. Seismic Imaging.

Seismic reflection imaging for visualizing the interior of Earth's upper crust. Study of fundamental imaging concepts from a unified geometrical point of view. Hands-on practical experience with imaging seismic data in an open-source software environment.

GEO X85G. Geophysics Colloquium.

Exploration of a variety of problems in modern geophysics.

GEO X85Q. Geomorphology Process and Form.

Explores how Earth surface processes combine to shape landscapes through erosion and deposition. Emphasis on open channel flow, sediment transport, fluvial and hillslope processes, and tectonic controls on landscape evolution.

GEO X85S. Introduction to Remote Sensing for Geoscientists.

GEO X85T. Global Tectonics.

GEO X86. Metamorphic Petrology.

Metamorphism as a record of processes in the Earth's deep crust; phase equilibria among minerals and fluids at elevated temperatures and pressures; tectonometamorphic regimes; petrographic interpretation of metamorphic mineral assemblages and textures; and secular evolution of metamorphic patterns during Earth's history.

GEO X86D. Earth in Deep Time.

GEO X86E. Economic Geology.

Origin of economic mineral concentrations within the context of their overall geologic settings; geologic aspects of economic evaluation, mining, and mineral processing; and mineral exploration.

GEO X86G. Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System Applications in Earth Sciences.

Examine the theory and application of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies in earth science. Implement data collection, mapping, and analysis through labs and practical exercises. Discuss map projections, cartographic principles, remote sensing, spatial analysis, and geospatial data resources in the context of earth science applications.

GEO X86K. Igneous Petrology.

Origin, differentiation, and crystallization of igneous rocks.

GEO X86R. Geology of Earth Resources.

Study of geologic, economic, societal, and environmental issues related to the production and consumption of energy, metal, industrial mineral, and water resources. Emphasizes the descriptive geology and origin of earth resources within the context of their overall geologic settings.

GEO X86S. Ins and Outs of Subduction Zones.

Explore an overview of subduction zones, including sites of lithospheric scale recycling, critical to understanding the chemical evolution of the Earth's crust and mantle, volcanism, earthquakes, and orogenesis. Includes the thermal and seismic structure of subduction zones, volatile and geochemical cycling, seismicity, mantle wedge dynamics, and volcanism.

GEO X86T. Topics in Volcanology.

Explores the physical and chemical processes involved in the eruption, transport, and deposition of volcanic material through the use and study of field measurements, fluid dynamics, petrology, and geophysical observations.

GEO X87C. Aqueous Geochemistry.

Introduction to the chemistry of water in the subsurface. Topics include basic thermodynamics and kinetics of rock-water interaction, acid-base theory, redox, and coordination chemistry.

GEO X87D. Climate Dynamics.

Studies features of the climate system and the basics of climate system dynamics. Subjects may include climate variability, radiation and heat budgets, atmospheric and ocean circulation systems, and the physics of climate change.

GEO X87E. Environmental Organic Geochemistry.

Environmental and organic chemistry of organic contaminants in groundwater and soils.

GEO X87G. Climate System Modeling.

Studies the basic theory of weather/climate system modeling using state-of-the-art regional climate models in a variety of applications. Includes instruction on how to run models on the TACC supercomputers for scientific applications. Subjects may include paleoclimate, contemporary, and/or future climate prediction based on changes in greenhouse gas concentrations.

GEO X87H. Physical Climatology.

Investigates the nature of Earth's climate and examines the physical processes that maintain the climate system. Topics include the energy balance, the hydrological cycle, general atmosphere circulation, and how they all interact and vary at various spatial and temporal scales. Discusses human-induced modifications to the climate system, such as urbanization, anthropogenic global warming, desertification, and tropical deforestation. Focuses on descriptive, analytical, programming, and modeling skills.

GEO X87P. Climate System Physics.

GEO X88C. Basin GeoMechanics.

GEO X88G. Global Biogeochemical Cycles.

Examination of the major reservoirs, fluxes, and processes controlling the distribution of biologically active chemical constituents of the earth. The importance of these biogeochemical cycles in the geologic past and the effects of human perturbation of these cycles.

GEO X88H. Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.

GEO X88L. Isotope Geology.

Overview of the principles of stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry. Covers mass spectrometry, geochronology and thermochronology, cosmogenic nuclides, radiogenic geochemistry, isotopic fractionation, traditional and non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry and its applications to the hydrologic cycle, low-temperature geochemistry, magmatic and metamorphic processes, thermometry, fluid-rock interactions, tectonics, crust-mantle evolution, and extraterrestrial materials.

GEO X88P. Paleontological Laboratory Techniques.

Overview and application of laboratory techniques used for in-depth investigation of the systematics of vertebrates.

GEO X88R. Radiogenic Isotopes and Tectonic Processes.

Application of radiogenic isotopes to tectonic problems. Particular attention is given to methods and tools in thermochronology and geochronology for understanding thermal histories, uplift rates, slip rates, timing relationships, landform development, and provenance.

GEO X88T. High-Temperature Geochemistry.

An introduction to the application of isotope and trace element geochemistry in the modern geological sciences, with emphasis on problems related to the origin and evolution of the Earth's interior.

GEO X89E. Evolution of Reef Ecosystems.

Introduction to the paleobiology, sedimentology, and oceanography of reef ecosystems throughout the geological record as well as the environmental and evolutionary factors that controlled the expansion and collapse of the carbonate ecosystems (and others). Explore ocean chemistry, how organisms biomineralize a skeleton, symbiosis, ecology, mass extinctions, and both current and future threats to reef health.

GEO X89J. Transitions in the History of Life.

Exploration of the transitions in the history of life, including mass extinctions, climactic perturbations, and environmental changes and their impact on the Earth's biota.

GEO X89K. Paleontologic Nomenclature and Techniques.

Rules of nomenclature: preparation, illustration, and description of Paleozoic invertebrate fossils.

GEO X89M. Vertebrate Paleontology: Mammals.

Comparative osteology and phylogenetic history of the living and extinct mammals.

GEO X89P. Digital Methods in Morphology.

The use of digital multimedia for analysis of paleontological problems, with emphasis on three-dimensional high-resolution CT data.

GEO X89R. Morphology of the Vertebrate Skeleton.

Identification of skeletal elements from the major vertebrate taxa, and aspects of skeletal functional morphology, with emphasis on extant taxa. Topics include the skeletal systems of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

GEO X89S. Systematics and Paleontology.

Seminar course focusing on current issues in digital/instructional technologies. Provides students with an opportunity to explore, discuss, and demonstrate issues designing, acquiring, manipulating, authoring, and publishing digital content. Students work toward completing a specific project.

GEO X89V. Vertebrate Paleontology.

Comparative osteology and phylogenetic history of the living and extinct fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.

GEO X90D. Seismology III.

Advanced treatment of elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous anisotropic media, vectors and tensors, Christoffel equation, group and phase velocities, invariant embedding (reflectivity), finite difference, finite elements, and spectral elements.

GEO X90E. Ecohydrology and Biometeorology.

GEO X90M. Thermodynamics of Geologic Processes.

Applications of physical chemistry to natural systems; interactions of minerals, solutions, and the atmosphere.

GEO X90Q. Morphodynamics and Quantitative Stratigraphy.

GEO X90R. Analytical Methods: Electron-Microbeam Techniques.

An introduction to electron-microbeam instruments and their applications in the earth sciences. Lectures on relevant theory and concepts are supplemented by hands-on experience.

GEO X90T. Tectonic Problems.

Explore cutting-edge and debated concepts and processes governing plate tectonics, the unifying concept of solid Earth Sciences, in both the marine and continental realms. Investigate and test the validity of processes-oriented concepts in subduction, rift, and collision tectonics settings. Study regional and global tectonic problems through an interdisciplinary structural, petrological, geochemical, sedimentological, and geophysical approach.

GEO X91. Topics in Geological Sciences: Seminar.

GEO X91C. Physical Hydrogeology.

Geological controls on groundwater resources; evaluation of aquifers, geothermal systems, and contamination problems; natural hazards caused by human use of groundwater.

GEO X91D. Regional Tectonics.

Development of tectonic theory culminating in the new global tectonics, and application of theory to selected orogenic areas.

GEO X91K. Applied Karst Hydrogeology.

GEO X91Q. Topics in Quaternary Geology.

Interdisciplinary analysis of Quaternary chronology, environments, climatic changes, and erosional-depositional processes.

GEO X91S. Current Topics in Paleobiology.

Seminar reviewing recent publications on evolutionary and ecologic theories applied to the fossil record.

GEO X91W. Aquifer Testing.

Techniques of aquifer evaluation, including pumping tests, laboratory techniques, field mapping, and numerical analysis.

GEO X92F. Fundamentals and Applications of ICP-MS.

Explores inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace, minor and major element measurement, and applications in analytical fields. Covers fundamentals of technique, applications, and capabilities of ICP-MS through hands-on lab experience.

GEO X92M. Modern Geological Sciences.

General discussion of the entire spectrum of geological sciences.

GEO X92P. Python for Geoscience Research.

Explore Python 3 programming language for application to scientific research. Examine basic Python and common scientific Python libraries such as numpy, pandas, matplotlib, datetime.

GEO X92S. Geochemical Problem Solving with Ions & Atoms.

Overview of mass spectrometers, which are analytical balances that operate at molecular and atomic levels, used for gathering compositional data (both isotopic and elemental). Explores conversion of sample molecules into charged particles (ions), and measurement according to mass-to-charge ratio to assess chemical identity and abundance. Introduction to inorganic mass spectrometry methods and applications to the Earth sciences, surveying key modalities: TIMS, ICP-MS, LA-ICP-MS, MC-ICP-MS, and IRMS. Examines techniques in generating and critically evaluating high-quality data, and research.

GEO X93. Technical Lecture Series.

Attendance required of all graduate students in geological sciences.

GEO X93D. 3D Analysis of Volumetric Data.

Explore the theory and practice of acquiring and utilizing volume image data, predominantly from X-ray computed tomography (CT). Examine CT data instrumentation and acquisition, as well as 3D data processing, visualization, and quantification using a range of methods, including machine learning approaches.

GEO X94. Topics in Research in Geological Sciences.

GEO X94P. Modeling Flow and Transport in Porous Media.

Introduction to the modeling of flow and transport in porous media with focus on basic dynamic phenomena that occur during single-phase flow and solute transport in heterogeneous porous media. Discuss the numerical solution of both the elliptic equations governing the flow of groundwater and the hyperbolic equations governing solute transport. Includes a programming project which requires writing a functional numerical simulator.

GEO X95D. Ice Dynamics.

Physics of ice motion, basal processes, glacial hydrology, and unstable flow.

GEO X95S. Seismic Structural Analysis.

Addresses interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data for unraveling the geometry and kinematic evolution of crustal structures, principally in sedimentary rocks. Foundational subjects include understanding how structures manifest themselves in seismic data, and approaches to effective interpretation and kinematic analysis. Covers structural systems including extensional, fold and thrust belts, salt tectonics, and inversion. Applied subjects include computer workstation interpretation and analysis approaches, determination of geologic and basin history, fault system analysis, fault permeability structure, and geomechanical evaluations such as in situ stress determination and application to induced seismicity risking.

GEO X96C. CO2 Storage in Geological Formations.

GEO X96D. Topics in Machine Learning Data Analytics.

GEO X96D.1. Introduction to Machine Learning and Geosciences.

Explore an overview of commonly used machine learning algorithms for Geosciences applications.

GEO X96D.2. Applications of Data Analysis, Visualization, and Machine Learning.

Examine computational approaches to take advantage of complex data. Explore addressing real-world geoscience challenges using the Python programming language and Jupyter computational notebooks. Discuss techniques in data analysis, modeling, and machine learning for subsurface characterization applicable to resource assessment and geomorphology and stratigraphy applicable to hazard assessment.

GEO X96D.3. Data Analytics and Geostatistics.

Explore data analytics and geostatistics for geosciences applications.

GEO X96D.4. Subsurface Machine Learning.

Explore problem formulation, feature engineering, and inferential and predictive machine learning algorithms for geosciences applications.

GEO X96D.5. Machine Learning Research.

Examine machine learning and its application to the geosciences. Study and discuss current literature and complete a capstone project applying machine learning to a research area of choice.

GEO X97F. Marine Geology and Geophysics Field Course.

Hands-on, team-based instruction in the collection and processing of marine geological and geophysical data along the Gulf of Mexico coast.

GEO X97L. Transitions in the History of Life.

Introduction to major perturbations in the history of life; specifically, mass extinctions and carbon-cycle perturbations (e.g. ocean anoxic events, hyperthermals, and acidification events). Examine kill mechanisms (e.g. glaciations, impacts, large igneous provinces) and the subsequent environmental perturbations and ecological ramifications. Explore biotic crises in the past, with an eye to future ecosystem collapse, as well as the environmental and paleobiological responses to these events.

GEO X97M. Morphodynamics and Quantitative Stratigraphy.

Covers development of numerical tools to quantitatively understand sediment transport and stratigraphic development in sedimentary basins. Focus on applications of the principles in fluid mechanics, sediment transport, and depositional mechanics to one-dimensional and quasi-two dimensional numerical modeling of sediment morphodynamics in various depositional settings such as river deltas, carbonate platforms, and submarine fans. Requires development of geometrical and morphodynamic models as research tools to understand gathered data.

GEO X97P. Field Methods in Planetary Geology.

Field studies combined with remote sensing to support studies of remote imagery from planetary missions.

GEO X97Q. Preparing Future Faculty.

Examine the academic and research career track, including a number of different career paths. Participate in a workshop covering all application materials for these kinds of jobs.

GEO X98. Thesis.

GEO X98C. Continuum Mechanics.

GEO X98G. Geodynamics of the Lithosphere and Mantle.

Explores continuum dynamics problems that can serve to form a physical understanding of the tectonic and convective processes that shape our planet. Geared toward graduate students from the Earth sciences and related fields in the natural sciences including physics, computer science, and engineering.

GEO X98L. Topics in Lithosphere and Deep Earth.

GEO X98L.1. Tectonic Geodynamics.

Examine dynamic processes that govern plate tectonics and lithospheric deformation, combining tectonics, structural geology, and geodynamics from the ground up.

GEO X98M. Numerical Modeling in the Geosciences.

GEO X98P. Planetary Geology and Geophysics.

GEO X98R. Master's Report.

Preparation of a report to fulfill the requirement for the master's degree under the report option.

GEO X98S. Topics in Subsurface, Surface, and Life.

GEO X98T. Supervised Teaching in Geological Sciences.

Open to graduate students engaged in laboratory instruction under close supervision of the course instructors.

GEO X98W. Topics in Water, Climate, and Environment.

GEO X98W.1. Vadose Zone Hydrology.

GEO X98W.2. Paleoclimate.

Introduction to paleoclimatology, the study of Earth's past climate. Examine a broad spectrum of geological archives of climate change including those from the oceans, the land, and the cryosphere.

GEO X98W.3. Dynamics of Polar Systems.

Examine the fundamental physics that govern dynamics of ice sheets, oceans, and sea ice from a theoretical viewpoint that is supported with as many observations as possible.