Explore and relate commodification of nature, the climate crisis, and preserving biodiversity from the past and present. Investigate how human societies have changed their environments and how the environment has influenced the courses of societies through case studies from the ecological impact of the Teutonic Crusades to nuclear waste management in Chernobyl. Only one of the following may be counted: European Studies 346 (Topic 43), History 362U, Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies 335 (Topic: Envir Hist: Cent E Euro/Rus), 335 (Topic 29). Three lecture hours per week for one semester.