Examine phylogeny, taxonomy, life histories, habits, and distribution. Two lecture hours and three hours of laboratory or fieldwork a week for one semester, with field trips to be arranged. Biology 455L and Integrative Biology 455L may not both be counted. Prerequisite: The following with a grade of at least C-: Biology 325 or 325H, and Biology 206L, Integrative Biology 208L (or Biology 208L), Molecular Biosciences 226L (or Biology 226L), or Environmental Science 311.