Covers fundamentals of probability, combinatorics, discrete and continuous random variables, jointly distributed random variables, and limit theorems. Using probability to introduce fundamentals of statistics, including Bayesian and classical inference. The equivalent of four lectures hours a week. Statistics and Data Sciences 321 and 431 may not both be counted. Prerequisite: Mathematics 408C, 408L, 408R, 408S, or 408Q with a grade of at least C-.